How Does It Look? Level 2 Perspective-Taking at 36 Months of Age
How Does It Look? Level 2 Perspective-Taking at 36 Months of Age
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01571.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Meltzoff, Andrew N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moll, Henrike;Meltzoff, Andrew N.
先前的研究发现，儿童在 4 至 5 岁之间会进行 2 级视觉换位思考，即理解其他人可能会以不同的方式看待事物（例如，J. H. Flavell、B. A. Everett、K. Croft 和 E. R. Flavell，1981）。使用滤色片对 36 个月大的婴儿的这种能力进行了重新检查。在实验 1（N = 24）中，孩子们必须识别出成人通过滤色镜看到某个物体时的样子。在实验 2（N = 24）中，应用了一种新颖的生产测试。两项研究的结果都表明，36 个月大的孩子知道一个物体在另一个人眼中是什么样子。讨论的重点是视觉换位思考的心理要求及其与其他“心理理论”能力的关系，例如区分表象与现实以及理解错误信念。
Previous research has found that children engage in Level 2 visual perspective-taking, that is, the understanding that others may see things in a different way, between 4 and 5 years of age (e.g., J. H. Flavell, B. A. Everett, K. Croft, & E. R. Flavell, 1981). This ability was reexamined in 36-month-olds using color filters. In Experiment 1 (N = 24), children had to recognize how an object looked to an adult when she saw it through a color filter. In Experiment 2 (N = 24), a novel production test was applied. Results of both studies show that 36-month-olds know how an object looks to another person. The discussion focuses on the psychological requirements of visual perspective-taking and its relation to other "theory of mind" abilities, such as the distinction between appearance and reality and understanding false belief.