The global importance of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.) on wheat and international approaches to its control.
The global importance of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.) on wheat and international approaches to its control.
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
J. Nicol;I. Elekçi̇oǧlu;N. Bolat;R. Rivoal
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作者：
J. Nicol;I. Elekçi̇oǧlu;N. Bolat;R. Rivoal
小麦孢囊线虫是一类近缘种，在北非、西亚、中国、印度、澳大利亚、美洲和欧洲几个国家的旱地小麦生产系统中造成经济损失。最常见的被报道的物种是Heterodera venae，但至少还有另外两个物种H.filipjevi和H.atipons被牵连。众所周知，在水分和营养胁迫下，植物遭受更大的产量损失。控制CCNS需要将线虫数量保持在经济门槛以下。化学品在环境上是不可持续的，也不是经济的，控制的主要重点是将寄主遗传抗性与其他综合害虫管理选择相结合。但由于种数和致病类型的差异，具有植物抗性的谷类孢囊线虫的遗传控制较为复杂。土耳其是世界十大小麦生产国之一，并已确定这些线虫是其旱地小麦系统的主要生物制约因素。2001年，CIMMYT国际中心、土耳其农业部和阿达纳的ukurova大学之间成立了一项新的联合倡议，以了解i)小麦上谷物线虫的分布情况；ii)评估谷物线虫在小麦上的经济重要性并提高我们对种群动态的了解；iii)培养、筛选和评估已知的抗源并确定对这两组线虫的新抗源；iv)利用常规和分子工具将新的抗源整合到土耳其面包小麦品种和国际种质资源中；v)调查其他综合防治选择，如轮作和不同的小麦管理策略，最后vi)能力建设，使科学家能够在这一重要领域工作。将介绍这项工作的一些亮点，并介绍新成立的ICCNI-国际谷物包囊线虫协会。
The Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCNs) are a group of several closely related species which have been documented to cause economic yield loss on rainfed wheat production systems in several part of the world including North Africa, West Asia, China, India, Australia, America and several countries in Europe. The most commonly reported species is Heterodera avenae, however there are at least two other species H. filipjevi and H. latipons are implicated. It is well appreciated that plants under water and nutrient stress suffer greater yield loss. Control of CCNs requires maintaining nematode populations below economic thresholds. Chemicals are not environmentally sustainable or economic and the major emphasis on control has been with host genetic resistance applied with other integrated pest managent options. Unfortunately due to the number of species and pathotype variation genetic control of Cereal Cyst Nematode with plant resistance is complex. Turkey is one of the top ten wheat producers in the world and has identified these nematode as a major biotic constraint in their rainfed wheat systems. In 2001 a new joint intiative was established between CIMMYT International, the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and (Ukurova University in Adana to understand i) the distribution of cereal nematodes on wheat; ii) assess the economic importance and improve our understanding of the population dynamics iii) culture, screen and assess known sources of resistance and identify new sources to both groups of nematodes; iv) integrate new sources of resistance into bread wheat cultivars for Turkey and International germplasm using conventional and molecular tools; v) investigate other integrated control options such as rotation and different wheat management strategies and finally vi) capacity build scientists to work in this important area. Some highlights of this work will be presented and the newly formed ICCNI - International Cereal Cyst Nematode Initative introduced.