Modeling and analyzing the impact of location inconsistencies on geographic routing in wireless networks
Modeling and analyzing the impact of location inconsistencies on geographic routing in wireless networks
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DOI：
10.1145/980159.980168
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Yongjin Kim;Jae-Joon Lee;A. Helmy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yongjin Kim;Jae-Joon Lee;A. Helmy
最近，由于位置信息的几个优点，无线网络中的地理路由得到了关注。位置信息消除了设置和维护显式路由的必要性，从而减少了通信开销和路由表大小。这些优点允许可扩展性，特别是在动态和不稳定的无线网络中。然而，无论定位系统使用哪种技术或技术，其测量都将具有一定量的可量化的不准确性，这取决于环境和系统。这些不准确性可能会影响地理路由的性能甚至正确性。然而，迄今为止，这些影响尚未得到深入研究。在本文中，我们分析了位置不准确的地理路由的影响。首先，我们对位置不准确性度量进行建模-绝对位置不准确性、相对距离不准确性、绝对位置不一致性和相对距离不一致性。然后，我们分析了位置不准确性指标如何影响地理路由的构建模块，包括贪婪转发和局部最大分辨率。我们使用广泛的NS-2模拟评估地理路由的性能，使用广泛的参数设置，包括不准确的水平，节点度和网络直径。在我们的模拟结果中，合理的位置不准确性（无线电范围的20%或更少）导致数据包丢失高达54%，非最佳路径高达53%和数据包循环。这些观察表明重新访问地理路由协议的重要性，以及在其设计和评估中考虑位置不准确性的重要性。
Recently, geographic routing in wireless networks has gained attention due to several advantages of location information. Location information eliminates the necessity to set up and maintain explicit routes, which reduces communication overhead and routing table size. These advantages allow scalability especially in dynamic and unstable wireless networks. However, no matter which technologies or techniques a location system uses, its measurements will have some amount of quantifiable inaccuracy depending on environment and system. These inaccuracies may affect the performance and even correctness of geographic routing. However, thus far, these impacts have not been studied in-depth. In this paper, we analyze the impact of location inaccuracy on geographic routing. First, we model location inaccuracy metrics - absolute location inaccuracy, relative distance inaccuracy, absolute location inconsistency and relative distance inconsistency. Then, we analyze how location inaccuracy metrics affect the building blocks of geographic routing including greedy forwarding and local maximum resolution. We use extensive NS-2 simulations to evaluate the performance of geographic routing using a wide array of parameter settings including inaccuracy level, node degree and network diameter. In our simulation results, reasonable location inaccuracy (of 20 percent or less of radio range) caused packet drop reaching up to 54 percent, non-optimal path up to 53 percent and packet looping. These observations indicate the importance of re-visiting geographic routing protocols, and the significance of considering location inaccuracy in their design and evaluation.