Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in the Eerste River, South Africa: Towards the optimisation of an urban water profiling approach for public- and ecological health risk characterisation.
Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in the Eerste River, South Africa: Towards the optimisation of an urban water profiling approach for public- and ecological health risk characterisation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160254
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发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Archer;E. Holton;J. Fidal;B. Kasprzyk-Hordern;A. Carstens;L. Brocker;T. Kjeldsen;G. Wolfaardt
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文献类型：
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作者：
E. Archer;E. Holton;J. Fidal;B. Kasprzyk-Hordern;A. Carstens;L. Brocker;T. Kjeldsen;G. Wolfaardt
该研究评估了南非污水处理厂（WWTW）和位于城市环境周围的地表沃茨中各种新出现的污染物（CEC）的存在和命运。在11个月的时间里，从9个采样地点共对45个CEC进行了量化。WWTW中目标分析物的日负荷（g/天）显示出一些CEC的持久性，沿着研究区域首次估计的药物和滥用药物（DOA）的人群标准化日负荷（mg/天/1000 inh）。在整个研究期间，位于污水处理厂排放上游的河水中记录了多种化学标志物，表明研究区域内未连接到污水管网或卫生服务有限的城市社区存在高度扩散污染。还探讨了利用确定的地表水位置对无下水道社区进行全社区药物使用情况分析的可能性。在整个研究期间，对污水处理厂流出物和地表沃茨的环境风险表征为跨越各种哨点营养水平的CEC目标列表提供了多个风险因子（RQ）。在污水处理厂流出物和地表水位置的几个CEC中记录了高风险剖面（RQ > 1.0），其污染频率（FoE）大于75%，这表明位于市区周围的河流集水区的污染热点地区可能存在长期生态健康风险影响。我们提出的挑战，在地表水质量的研究领域是相关的，甚至可能提出更具挑战性的，在其他低收入或中等收入国家（LMICs）的设置。该研究还强调了一些挑战和局限性，这些挑战和局限性与急需在无下水道社区应用基于废水的流行病学（WBE）干预措施有关，这些干预措施可以为整个城市环境的公共卫生和社区物质使用概况提供信息。
The study evaluated the presence and fate of various contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from a South African wastewater treatment works (WWTW) and surface waters located around an urban setting. A total of 45 CECs were quantified from nine sampling locations over an 11-month period. Daily loads (g/day) of the target analytes in the WWTW showed persistence of some CECs, along with population-normalised daily loads (mg/day/1000inh) of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse (DOA) that were estimated for the first time in the study area. Multiple chemical markers were recorded in river water located upstream of the WWTW discharge throughout the study period, suggesting a high degree of diffuse pollution from urban communities in the study area that are not connected to sewage networks or where sanitation services are limited. The potential of using defined surface water locations to perform community-wide substance use profiling for non-sewered communities was also explored. Environmental risk characterisation for the WWTW effluent and surface waters throughout the study period provided multiple risk quotients (RQ) for the target list of CECs spanning over various sentinel trophic levels. High risk profiles (RQ > 1.0) with a frequency of exceedance (FoE) larger than 75 % were recorded for several CECs in both WWTW effluent and surface water locations that suggest potential long-term ecological health risk impacts of pollution hotspot areas in the river catchment situated around the urban area. We present challenges in surface water quality within the study area that is relatable, or may even present more challenging, in other low- or middle-income country (LMICs) settings. The study also highlighted some challenges and limitations associated with the much-needed application of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) intervention in non-sewered communities that can inform on public health and communal substance use profiles of the entire urban setting.