Nitrogen placement, row spacing, and furrow irrigation water positioning effects on corn yield
Nitrogen placement, row spacing, and furrow irrigation water positioning effects on corn yield
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DOI：
10.2134/agronj2000.9261266x
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发表时间：
2000-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
G. A. Lehrsch;R. Sojka;D. Westermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. A. Lehrsch;R. Sojka;D. Westermann
沟灌对NO3-N的淋溶作用较强。我们假设在玉米（Zea mays L.）行播能保持产量，减少NO3-N淋失。在爱达荷州南部对波特纳夫粉砂壤土进行的为期2年的实地研究中，（粗粉质，混合，超活性，中质Durinodic旱生单钙），我们评估了（i）N放置的影响（广播与带状），㈡行间距（0.76 m与修改后的0.56 m），灌溉水定位（同侧或交替灌溉）对玉米产量和氮素吸收的影响。1988年，我们每隔一条犁沟灌溉9次，1989年灌溉7次。与撒播相比，条播在1988年保持了粮食产量，1989年增加了11%。1989年，在0.56米的行中施氮，当只灌溉未施肥的犁沟时，青贮产量为22.9 Mg ha-1，比交替犁沟灌溉时高22%。与0.56m行相比，0.76m行对2年平均籽粒产量没有影响，但有增加2年平均青贮氮的趋势。在一行的一侧，而不是广播，并适用于水的行的另一侧的犁沟整个季节保持或增加粮食产量，增加青贮饲料产量高达26%，并增加青贮饲料中的氮吸收高达21%，特别是从N-耗尽的配置文件。在同一犁沟中灌水，而不是交替犁沟，不会降低产量或氮素吸收。
Furrow irrigation often leaches NO3-N. We hypothesized that banding and sidedressing N fertilizer on a non-irrigated side of a corn (Zea mays L.) row would maintain yield and decrease NO3-N leaching. In a 2-yr field study in southern Idaho on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid), we evaluated the effects of (i) N placement (broadcast vs. banded), (ii) row spacing (0.76 m vs. a modified 0.56 m), and (iii) irrigation water positioning (applying water to the same side or alternating sides of a row with successive irrigations) on field corn yield and N uptake. We irrigated every second furrow nine times in 1988 and seven times in 1989. Compared with broadcasting, banding maintained grain yield in 1988 and increased it by 11% in 1989. Where N was banded in 0.56-m rows in 1989, silage yield when only the non-fertilized furrow was irrigated was 22.9 Mg ha -1, which was 22% greater than when alternating furrows were irrigated. Compared with 0.56-m rows, the 0.76-m rows had no effect on 2-yr average grain yield but tended to increase 2-yr average silage N. Banding N on one side of a row, rather than broadcasting, and applying water all season to the furrow on the other side of the row maintained or increased grain yield, increased silage yield by up to 26%, and increased N uptake in silage by up to 21%, particularly from N-depleted profiles. Applying water to the same furrow, rather than alternating furrows, did not reduce yield or N uptake.