Simulating the evolution of the human family: cooperative breeding increases in harsh environments.
Simulating the evolution of the human family: cooperative breeding increases in harsh environments.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0080753
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Richerson PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smaldino PE;Newson L;Schank JC;Richerson PJ
考虑行为策略的成本和收益的语言和数学模型在解释动物行为方面很有用，并且经常被用作人类行为进化解释的基础。然而，在大多数情况下，这些模型并没有考虑到群体结构和文化传统对其成员决策的成本和收益的影响。他们也没有考虑到文化和遗传特征将受到自然选择的可能性。在本文中，我们提出了一个基于代理的模型，结合了人类社会结构和生活史的一些关键方面。我们研究了在不同环境严酷条件下的种群进化，在这种条件下，选择可以发生在群体和个体的水平上。我们关注的是一种社会习得特征的进化，这种特征与个人愿意为抚养家庭成员的后代做出贡献有关。我们发现，环境的严酷增加了个人做出这种贡献的频率。然而，在我们规定的条件下，我们也发现环境的变化可以让群体在较低的帮手频率下生存。这里提出的模型不可避免地是一个简化的人类种群的代表，但它提供了一个基础，未来的建模工作对人类行为的进化解释，考虑到遗传和文化传播的影响行为。
Verbal and mathematical models that consider the costs and benefits of behavioral strategies have been useful in explaining animal behavior and are often used as the basis of evolutionary explanations of human behavior. In most cases, however, these models do not account for the effects that group structure and cultural traditions within a human population have on the costs and benefits of its members' decisions. Nor do they consider the likelihood that cultural as well as genetic traits will be subject to natural selection. In this paper, we present an agent-based model that incorporates some key aspects of human social structure and life history. We investigate the evolution of a population under conditions of different environmental harshness and in which selection can occur at the level of the group as well as the level of the individual. We focus on the evolution of a socially learned characteristic related to individuals' willingness to contribute to raising the offspring of others within their family group. We find that environmental harshness increases the frequency of individuals who make such contributions. However, under the conditions we stipulate, we also find that environmental variability can allow groups to survive with lower frequencies of helpers. The model presented here is inevitably a simplified representation of a human population, but it provides a basis for future modeling work toward evolutionary explanations of human behavior that consider the influence of both genetic and cultural transmission of behavior.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Charnov, Eric L.;Berrigan, David
通讯作者：
Berrigan, David
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Henrich, J
通讯作者：
Henrich, J
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1100290108
发表时间：
2011-06-28
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Boyd, Robert;Richerson, Peter J.;Henrich, Joseph
通讯作者：
Henrich, Joseph
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Apostolou, Menelaos
通讯作者：
Apostolou, Menelaos
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Apostolou, Menelaos
通讯作者：
Apostolou, Menelaos