Neoplastic diseases of marine bivalves
Neoplastic diseases of marine bivalves
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jip.2015.06.004
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Villalba, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carballal, Maria L.;Barber, Bruce J.;Villalba, Antonio
两种类型的流行肿瘤疾病已被描述在海洋双壳类的商业利益：播散性瘤（DN）和性腺瘤。第一种是来源不明的异常细胞过度增殖（在某些病例/种属中可能是血源性的），通过循环系统传播并浸润各种器官的结缔组织;第二种是性腺未分化生殖细胞的异常增殖。这两种类型的双壳类肿瘤符合恶性肿瘤的标准：多形性和未分化的细胞，快速和侵入性生长，丰富的有丝分裂像，转移和进行性发展往往导致受影响的个体死亡。不同的原因已经提出了关于病因学：遗传改变，病毒，逆转录酶，和污染物，虽然它可能取决于软体动物的物种;克隆癌细胞的水平传播的证据作为DN的原因在蛤Mya arenaria种群传播最近已被报道。在某些物种和种群中，肿瘤性疾病仅影响少数个体，但在其他物种和种群中达到高患病率。在诊断方法中，DN通过血淋巴的组织学和细胞学检查以及开发的特异性抗体来检测。最近，流式细胞术也已被应用，允许检测DNA量的变化。一些研究报告了许多基因和途径，关键参与肿瘤转化的沙蚕，贻贝属。和牡蛎Ostrea edulis。这些遗传学研究将允许通过PCR诊断的发展，其可用于生物监测研究。(C)2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Two types of prevalent neoplastic diseases have been described in marine bivalves of commercial interest: disseminated neoplasia (DN) and gonadal neoplasia. The first involves the excessive proliferation of abnormal cells with unknown origin (probably of hemic source in some cases/species), disseminating through the circulatory system and infiltrating the connective tissue of various organs; the second consists of an abnormal proliferation of undifferentiated germinal cells of the gonad. These two types of bivalve neoplasia fit the criteria of malignant tumors: pleomorphic and undifferentiated cells, rapid and invasive growth, abundance of mitotic figures, metastasis and progressive development often resulting in the death of the affected individual. Different causes have been suggested regarding etiology: genetic alterations, virus, retrotranspons, and contaminants, although it could depend on the mollusk species; evidence of horizontal transmission of clonal cancer cells as the cause of DN spreading in clam Mya arenaria populations has been recently reported. In some species and populations, the neoplastic disorders affect only a few individuals, but in others reach high prevalence. Among the diagnostic methods, DN has been detected by histology and cytologic examination of hemolymph, and with developed specific antibodies. Recently, flow cytometry has also been applied, allowing detecting DNA quantity alteration. Several studies reported many genes and pathways critically involved in neoplastic transformation in Mya arenaria, Mytilus spp. and Ostrea edulis. These genetic studies will allow the development of diagnosis by PCR which can be used in biomonitoring studies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.