Does Remoteness from Urban Centres Influence Plant Diversity in Homegardens and Swidden Fields?: A Case Study from the Matsiguenka in the Amazonian Rain Forest of Peru
Does Remoteness from Urban Centres Influence Plant Diversity in Homegardens and Swidden Fields?: A Case Study from the Matsiguenka in the Amazonian Rain Forest of Peru
复制标题
远离城市中心会影响家庭花园和湿地的植物多样性吗？：以秘鲁亚马逊雨林马齐根卡树为例
作者：
A. Wezel;J. Ohl
在亚马逊热带雨林的大部分地区，杂草种植是传统的农业制度。在秘鲁马努国家公园的一个偏远地区，两个土著Matsiguenka社区对这一系统进行了分析。在目前的研究中，提出了在田间和家庭花园中栽培植物的多样性。在46块田地上，每块地有两到四块地记录了栽培植物，总共有126块调查地块。对19个家庭花园也进行了研究。在田间种植的主要物种是木薯(木薯)。果树，如桃棕榈(Bactris Gasipaes)、番石榴(Psidium Guajava)或英加(Inga Edulis)，也有棉花(Gossypium Barbadense)和药用植物(Cyperus sp.)在所分析的75%以上的家庭花园中占主导地位。物种多样性从1年生和2年生的18种和24种稳步增加到幼龄、中龄和老年庭院的26种、29种和66种。在所有被分析的家庭花园中总共发现了71种不同的物种，在开垦的田野中发现了25种。与亚马逊雨林中的其他研究相比，家庭花园中种植的物种多样性较低。这似乎是因为他们远离下一个城市中心，而且他们是土著社区，外部信息交流仍然很少。这些发现与假设相反，即远离城市中心会增加物种丰富度，因为自给自足的生产建立在种类繁多的基础上。与家庭花园中的物种丰富度相比，目前和其他研究中没有发现草地上物种丰富度的差异。
Swidden cultivation is the traditional agricultural system in most parts of the Amazonian rain forest. In a remote area in the Manu National Park, Peru, this system was analysed in two indigenous Matsiguenka communities. Diversity of cultivated plants on fields and in homegardens are presented in the current study. Cultivated plants were noted on two to four plots per field on 46 fields, making a total of 126 survey plots. Nineteen homegardens were studied as well. Dominating species cultivated on fields is cassava (Manihot esculenta). Fruit trees such as the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), guava (Psidium guajava) or Inga edulis, but also cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and a medicinal plant (Cyperus sp.) predominate in more than 75 % of the homegardens analysed. Species diversity increases steadily from 18 and 24 species on 1- and 2-year-old fields to 26, 29 and 66 species in young, medium old and old homegardens, respectively. Seventy-one different species in total were found in all homegardens analysed and 25 in swidden fields. Diversity of species cultivated in homegardens is low compared to other studies in the rain forest of the Amazon. This seems to be due to their remoteness from the next urban centre and to the fact that they are native communities with still low external exchange of information. These findings are in contrast to the hypothesis that remoteness from urban centres increases species richness because subsistence production is based on a broad variety of species. In contrast to species richness in homegardens, differences in species richness in swidden fields between the present and other studies could not be found.