Determination of the deflection of vertical components via GPS and leveling measurement: A case study of a GPS test network in Konya, Turkey
Determination of the deflection of vertical components via GPS and leveling measurement: A case study of a GPS test network in Konya, Turkey
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
A. Ceylan
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作者：
A. Ceylan
垂线偏差用于减少与大地水准面网络有关的大地测量（垂直和水平方向观测和长度测量等）。到椭圆体平面和大地水准面建模过程中。一般来说，它是由天文大地测量和重力技术。这些技术非常复杂和耗时。由于卫星定位技术（GNNS）如GPS在大地测量中的广泛使用，很容易获得点的椭球坐标。当通过几何水准测量确定点的正高时，使用GPS和水准测量比其他技术可以更快、更容易地测量大地水准面高差和垂直分量的偏转。本文讨论了利用GPS和水准测量计算垂线偏差的方法。从GPS和水准测量获得的垂直分量的偏转进行了比较与全球（EGM 96和CG 03 C）和本地（TG 03）大地水准面模型。垂直分量的偏转（南北）（东西）通过GPS和水准模型计算为：φ = -4.15”± 0.61”，φ = 8.75”± 0.69”;通过EGM 96大地水准面模型计算为：φ = -5.64”，φ = 1.95”;通过CG 03 C大地水准面模型计算为：φ = -4.85”，φ = 1.82”;通过TG 03模型计算，Δ = -7.47”，Δ = -0.51”;通过Ayan（1976）制作的土耳其垂直地图的天文大地测量偏差计算，Δ = -3.9”，Δ = 4.6”。当从GPS和水准测量获得的值与其他技术产生的值进行比较时，发现南北分量是大致一致的，而东西分量的差异在相同程度上。由于EGM 96和CG 03 C全球大地水准面模型中关于土耳其陆地重力的数据很少，因此预计通过这些模型获得的结果无法与其他方法进行比较。
Deflection of the vertical is used in reducing geodetic measurements related to geoid networks (vertical and horizontal directions observations and length measurement, etc.) to ellipsoid plane and in geoid modeling processes. Generally, it is obtained by Astro-Geodetic and gravimetric techniques. These techniques are very complex and time-consuming. Ellipsoidal coordinates of points are easily obtained thanks to the widespread use of Satellite Positioning Techniques (GNNS) such as GPS in geodesy. When the orthometric heights of points are determined via geometric leveling, geoid height differences and deflection of the vertical components can be measured faster and much more easily by using GPS and leveling measurements than the other techniques. This study discusses the calculation of the deflection of vertical components via GPS and leveling measurements. The deflection of the vertical components obtained from GPS and leveling measurements were compared with global (EGM96 and CG03C) and local (TG03) geoid models. Deflection of the vertical components � (north-south) and � (east-west) were calculated as � = -4.15” ± 0.61”, � = 8.75” ± 0.69” via a GPS and leveling model; as � = -5.64”, � = 1.95” via the EGM96 geoid model; as � = -4.85”, � = 1.82” via the CG03C geoid model; as � = -7.47”, � = -0.51” via the TG03 model; and as � = -3.9”, � = 4.6” via Astro-Geodetic deflection of a vertical map of Turkey produced by Ayan (1976). When the values obtained from GPS and leveling measurements were compared with the values produced by the other techniques, the north-south component was found to be approximately consistent, while east-west component differed to same extent. Since very little data on the terrestrial gravity of Turkey was present in the EGM96 and CG03C global geoid models, it was not anticipated that the results obtained via these models would be comparable with other methods.