Resilience of food, energy, and water systems to a sudden labor shortage.
Resilience of food, energy, and water systems to a sudden labor shortage.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10669-020-09793-w
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Asgari S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karan E;Asgari S
过去的研究已经认识到复原力在应对破坏性事件的政策和决策中的作用，并提出了衡量这一作用的框架。这些不必要事件的范围和多样性突出了评估系统对特定破坏性环境的复原力的必要性。以前的研究的广泛范围和通用形式限制了它们作为分析影响系统性能的因素的实用工具的有用性。为了克服这个问题，我们只关注在劳动力突然短缺期间和之后生产、分配和运送食物、能源和水（FEW）的系统的行为。弹性指标首先被开发来衡量FEW系统的弹性。接下来，基于未被服务的FEW需求来明确定义FEW系统的性能水平。第三，计算FEW产品的劳动强度，以评估突然的劳动力短缺的影响。本研究认识到少数几个系统之间的复杂的相互依赖关系，因此，其目的是检查他们的弹性作为一个单一的系统。最后，我们选择COVID-19疫情导致的美国劳动力短缺作为一个用例，以衡量FEW系统的系统性能和调整的作用。结果表明，劳动力短缺可以显着影响FEW系统的性能，可能是由于食品和水系统的高能源依赖性和高成本的存储能量。此外，与能源和水系统相比，目前的粮食系统对突然出现的劳动力短缺表现出更强的适应力，因为有各种食物替代品可以满足对每种食物的需求。
Past research studies have acknowledged the role of resilience in policies and decisions to address disruptive events and proposed frameworks to measure it. The scope and diversity of these unwanted events highlight the need to evaluate the resilience of a system to a specific disruptive circumstance. The broad scope and generic form of the previous studies limit their usefulness as a practical tool for analyzing the factors affecting system performance. To overcome this problem, we are only focusing on the behavior of systems that produce, distribute, and deliver food, energy, and water (FEW) during and after the occurrence of a sudden shortage of labor. Resilience metrics are first developed to measure the resilience of the FEW systems. Next, the performance levels of the FEW systems are clearly defined based on the FEW demands that are not served. Third, the labor intensity of FEW productions is calculated to assess the impact of a sudden labor shortage. This study recognizes the complex interdependencies among the FEW systems and, thus, aims to examine their resilience as a single system. Last, the labor shortage in the USA caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is chosen as a use case to measure the system performance and role of adjustments on the FEW systems. The results show that a labor shortage can significantly impact the FEW system performance, possibly due to the high energy dependency of food and water systems and the high cost of storing energy. Also, the current food system has shown more resilience to a sudden labor shortage compared to the energy and water systems because of the availability of various food alternatives to meet the demand for each food category.
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