Occurrence of mycotoxins in Southern Europe
Occurrence of mycotoxins in Southern Europe
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DOI：
10.3920/wmj2009.1198
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hofstetter, U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griessler, K.;Rodrigues, I.;Hofstetter, U.
饲料中霉菌毒素的污染对农民来说是一个重要的问题，因为饮食中接触到这些毒素可能会导致动物的急性或慢性中毒，造成重大经济损失。虽然已经制定了在收获前、收获期间或储存期间避免田间真菌毒素污染的预防方法，但目前还不可能完全消除真菌毒素污染的风险。在这里，我们介绍了一项为期4.5年的调查，以评估来自葡萄牙、西班牙、意大利、希腊和塞浦路斯等南欧国家的饲料原料和配合饲料样品中真菌毒素的发生率。收到的416个样本通过两种不同的方法，如黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、B型三氯甲烷(脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)、A型三氯乙烯烯(T-2毒素和HT-2毒素)、伏马菌素和赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)，通过两种不同的方法进行了检测，其中一种是商业酶联免疫吸附试验(EL ISA)，另一种是经过验证的高效液相色谱方法。主要污染物为镰刀菌毒素(B型毛霉烯、玉米和伏马菌素)。经高效液相色谱和酶联免疫吸附试验检测，B型毛霉烯的平均浓度分别为365和445微克/公斤。以玉米赤霉烯酮为例，酶联免疫吸附试验测定的平均浓度为27微克/公斤，高效液相色谱法测定的平均浓度为32.5微克/公斤。高效液相色谱检出伏马菌素平均污染1411微克/千克，酶联免疫吸附试验检测伏马菌素平均污染6260微克/千克。与所测试的其他真菌毒素相比，黄曲霉毒素和OTA以及A型毛霉烯的检测频率较低，平均浓度较低。经高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附试验检测，黄曲霉毒素、OTA和A型三氯乙烯的平均浓度分别为1mU g/kg或3mU g/kg、4mU g/kg或2mU g/kg、2mU g/kg或18mU g/kg。
Contamination of feed materials with mycotoxins is an important issue for farmers, as dietary exposure to these toxins may cause acute or chronic intoxication in animals, resulting in major economic losses. Although prevention methods to avoid mycotoxin contamination on the field prior to harvest, during harvesting or storage have been developed, it is currently not possible to eliminate the risk of a mycotoxin contamination entirely. Here we present a survey over a 4.5 year period that was performed to evaluate the incidence of mycotoxins in feed materials and compounded feed samples originating from Southern European countries, including Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece and Cyprus. The 416 samples received were tested for the most relevant mycotoxins that are found in feed materials, such as aflatoxins, zearalenone (ZEA), type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and acetyldeoxynivalenol), type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin), fumonisins and ochratoxin A (OTA), by two different methods, a commercial ELISA and by validated HPLC methods. The Fusarium mycotoxins (type B trichothecenes, ZEA and fumonisins) were the major contaminants. Average concentrations of type B trichothecenes were 365 mu g/kg or 445 mu g/kg analysed by HPLC or ELISA, respectively. In the case of zearalenone the average concentration was 27 mu g/kg by ELISA or 32.5 mu g/kg by HPLC. Fumonisin contamination was found with an average of 1,411 mu g/kg by HPLC or 6,260 mu g/kg by ELISA. Aflatoxins and OTA as well as the type A trichothecenes were detected less frequently and the average concentration was lower in comparison to the other mycotoxins tested. The average concentration of aflatoxins, OTA and the type A trichothecenes was 1 mu g/kg or 3 mu g/kg, 4 mu g/kg or 2 mu g/kg, 2 mu g/kg or 18 mu g/kg, respectively, by HPLC or ELISA analysis.