Instantaneous Conventions: The Emergence of Flexible Communicative Signals
Instantaneous Conventions: The Emergence of Flexible Communicative Signals
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DOI：
10.1177/0956797616661199
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Chater, Nick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Misyak, Jennifer;Noguchi, Takao;Chater, Nick
人类即使在几乎没有共同的现有约定的情况下也可以进行交流(例如，当他们缺乏共享的语言时)。我们通过一项要求参与者朝着共同目标协调的非语言实验任务，探索了是什么使这种现象成为可能。我们观察到参与者使用尽可能少的信号创建新的交流约定。此外，为了应对共同的环境和任务限制，这些公约在逐一审判的基础上发生了变化。令人惊讶的是，结果是，相同形式的信号成功地在一次又一次审判中传递了相互矛盾的信息。这样的行为证明了我们所说的联合推理的参与，在联合推理中，社会交际者根据他们之间的共同点自发地推断出最合理的交际惯例。联合推理可能有助于阐明交际惯例是如何瞬间出现的，以及它们是如何被修改和重塑为包括自然语言在内的人类交流所涉及的精心设计的惯例系统。
Humans can communicate even with few existing conventions in common (e.g., when they lack a shared language). We explored what makes this phenomenon possible with a nonlinguistic experimental task requiring participants to coordinate toward a common goal. We observed participants creating new communicative conventions using the most minimal possible signals. These conventions, furthermore, changed on a trial-by-trial basis in response to shared environmental and task constraints. Strikingly, as a result, signals of the same form successfully conveyed contradictory messages from trial to trial. Such behavior is evidence for the involvement of what we term joint inference, in which social interactants spontaneously infer the most sensible communicative convention in light of the common ground between them. Joint inference may help to elucidate how communicative conventions emerge instantaneously and how they are modified and reshaped into the elaborate systems of conventions involved in human communication, including natural languages.