Nutritional aspects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides: natural occurrence, chemistry, physiology and health implications
Nutritional aspects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides: natural occurrence, chemistry, physiology and health implications
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DOI：
10.1016/s1590-8658(02)80177-3
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发表时间：
2002-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Duvillier, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bornet, FRJ;Brouns, F;Duvillier, V
短链低聚果糖存在于许多可食用植物中，如菊苣、洋葱、芦笋、小麦等。它们是一组线性果糖低聚物，聚合度范围为n = 1至5（低聚糖）。短链低聚果糖在很大程度上逃避人体上肠的消化，到达结肠，在结肠中它们主要被完全发酵成乳酸盐、短链脂肪酸（乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐）和气体，如膳食纤维。由于它们的发酵，它们的热值约为2千卡/克。在人体中观察到低聚果糖的粪便膨胀效应。短链低聚果糖的一个重要性质是刺激双歧杆菌生长，特别是抑制结肠中潜在有害物种如产气荚膜梭菌的生长。它与粪便pH值降低、粪便或结肠有机酸增加、尿液和粪便中含氮终产物产生减少、粪便细菌酶活性降低和粪便中性固醇改变有关。短链低聚果糖可增强人体对镁的吸收，并在动物模型中显示可通过增强结肠丁酸盐浓度和局部免疫系统效应物来减少结肠肿瘤的发展。
Short-chain fructooligosaccharides occur in a number of edible plants, such as chicory, onions, asparagus, wheat... They are a group of linear fructose oligomers with a degree of polymerisation ranging from n = I up to 5 (oligosaccharides). Short-chain fructooligosaccharides, to a large extent, escape digestion in the human upper intestine and reach the colon where they are totally fermented mostly to lactate, short chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate and butyrate), and gas, like dietary fibres. As a consequence of their fermentation, their caloric value is approximately 2 Kcal/g. A faecal bulking effect of fructooligosaccharides has been observed in humans. An important property of short-chain fructooligosaccharides is the stimulation of bifidobacterial growth specifically while suppressing the growth of potentially harmful species such as, for example, Clostridium perfringens in the colon. It is associated with a decrease in faecal pH, an increase in faecal or colonic organic acids, a decrease in the production of nitrogenous end products in urine and stools, a decrease in faecal bacterial enzymatic activities and a modification in faecal neutral sterols. The short-chain fructooligosaccharides enhance magnesium absorption in humans and have been shown, in animal models, to reduce colon tumour development by enhancing both colon butyrate concentrations and local immune system effectors.