GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES IN AIR, WATER AND SEDIMENTS FROM ASIA AND OCEANIA, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL REDISTRIBUTION FROM LOWER LATITUDES
GEOGRAPHICAL-DISTRIBUTION OF PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES IN AIR, WATER AND SEDIMENTS FROM ASIA AND OCEANIA, AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL REDISTRIBUTION FROM LOWER LATITUDES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0269-7491(94)90234-8
复制
发表时间：
1994-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
TATSUKAWA, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
IWATA, H;TANABE, S;TATSUKAWA, R
对东亚和南亚（印度、泰国、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚）以及大洋洲（巴布亚新几内亚和所罗门群岛）的空气、河水和沉积物样本中的持久性有机氯进行了分析，以阐明其在热带环境中的地理分布。此外，我们亦监测了从台湾、日本及澳洲收集的非生物样本中的有机氯含量，以作比较。热带发展中国家的大气和水圈中HCH（六氯环己烷）和DDT（滴滴涕及其代谢物）的浓度明显高于发达国家，表明这些化学品在低纬度地区的广泛使用。在热带地区偶尔也观察到较高水平的CHLs（氯代化合物）和PCB（多氯联苯），这意味着其使用区域也在向南扩展。沉积物中有机氯的分布格局显示，全球范围内的空间变化较小，表明在热带环境中释放的化学品通过空气和水迅速扩散，并保留在沉积物中的较少。沉积物和水相有机氯浓度的比例与采样纬度呈正相关，表明在热带地区排放的持久性和半挥发性化合物往往会在全球范围内重新分布。
Persistent organochlorines in air, river water and sediment samples were analysed from eastern and southern Asia (India, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia) and Oceania (Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands) to elucidate their geographical distribution in tropical environment. The concentrations of organochlorines in these abiotic samples collected from Taiwan, Japan and Australia were also monitored for comparison. Atmospheric and hydrospheric concentrations of HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes) and DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) in the tropical developing countries were apparently higher than those observed in the developed nations, suggesting extensive usage of these chemicals in the lower latitudes. CHLs (chlordane compounds) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) were also occasionally observed at higher levels in the tropics, implying that their usage area is also expanding southward. Distribution patterns of organochlorines in sediments showed smaller spatial variations on global terms, indicating that the chemicals released in the tropical environment are dispersed rapidly through air and water and retained less in sediments. The ratios of organochlorine concentrations in sediment and water phases were positively correlated with the latitude of sampling, suggesting that persistent and semivolatile compounds discharged in the tropics tend to be redistributed on a global scale.