Humans’ responses to novel stimulus compounds and the effects of training
Humans’ responses to novel stimulus compounds and the effects of training
复制标题
人类对新刺激化合物的反应和训练的效果
DOI：
10.3758/bf03212419
复制
发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
H. Savastano
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Fantino;H. Savastano
24名大学生参加了一项刺激性化合物的实验。受试者学会了辨别与不同强化概率相关的颜色刺激。增援由几个点组成。对于所有受试者，两种颜色表示的增援概率为0.80，另外两种颜色表示的增援概率为0.20。对于复合训练的受试者，第五个复合刺激(由高概率颜色和低概率颜色组成)与0.10的强化概率相关。在测试期间，散布的探针试验要求受试者在两种选择中进行选择：复合刺激和其组成刺激中的任何一种。未经复合训练的受试者更喜欢复合刺激，而不是任何一个单独的刺激，因此显示出反应总和。然而，受过化合物训练的受试者，有过样本化合物的经验，对测试化合物的选择比例明显较低，这表明受试者对新的刺激化合物的反应可以通过接触单一类似化合物的经验来改变。
Twenty-four college students participated in an experiment with stimulus compounds. Subjects learned to discriminate color stimuli that correlated with varying probabilities of reinforcement. Reinforcement consisted of points. For all subjects, two colors signaled a .80 reinforcement probability, and two others signaled a .20 probability. For compound-trained subjects, a fifth compound stimulus (composed of a high-probability color and a low-probability color) was correlated with a .10 reinforcement probability. During testing, interspersed probe trials required subjects to choose between two alternatives: a compound stimulus and either one of its constituent stimuli. Compound-untrained subjects preferred the compound over either individual stimulus, thus showing response summation. However, compound-trained subjects, having had experience with an exemplar compound, showed significantly lower choice proportions for a test compound, indicating that subjects’ responding to novel stimulus compounds is modifiable by experience with a single similar compound.