Electrothermal Aging Model of Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle-to-Grid Services Evaluation
Electrothermal Aging Model of Li-Ion Batteries for Vehicle-to-Grid Services Evaluation
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DOI：
10.3390/electronics11071042
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发表时间：
2022-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Mauri, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carmeli, Maria Stefania;Toscani, Nicola;Mauri, Marco
人们对电动汽车（EV）的兴趣日益增长，这为使用锂离子电池提供了新的可能性，以便在它们插入充电站时提供辅助电网服务。实际上，车辆到电网（V2 G）、车辆到建筑物（V2 B）、车辆到家庭（V2 H）以及车辆到车辆（V2 V）服务可以根据特定的安装和所考虑的再充电站到配电网的连接来执行。即使这些是有趣且具有挑战性的机会，提供这些服务所需的额外充电/放电循环也可能会降低EV电池的预期寿命。因此，研究和开发可靠的电池模型至关重要，该模型考虑了影响锂离子电池可靠性的老化现象，以评估最佳充电/放电策略和经济收益。为此，本文重点研究了由锂离子镍锰钴（NMC）电池组成的电池组，并提出了一个半经验电热老化模型，该模型同时考虑了日历老化和循环老化。该建模阶段由在不同C速率和几个温度下记录的许多充电和放电循环的几个实验数据支持。因此，可以分析和比较考虑或不考虑V2 G服务的场景。结果表明，所考虑的电池的寿命缩短了约2年，这是Ah充电吞吐量增加的结果，其从10年内的120，000 Ah（没有V2 G服务的情况）移动到8年内的近230，000 Ah（具有V2 G服务的情况）。
The growing interest in Electrical Vehicles (EVs) opens new possibilities in the use of Li-ion batteries in order to provide ancillary grid services while they are plugged to recharging stations. Indeed, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) as well as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) services can be carried out depending on the particular installation and on the connection to the distribution grid of the considered recharging station. Even if these are interesting and challenging opportunities, the additional charging/discharging cycles necessary to provide these services could decrease the expected life of EV batteries. For this reason, it is of paramount importance to study and develop reliable models of the batteries, which take the aging phenomena affecting the reliability of the Li-ion cells into account to evaluate the best charging/discharging strategy and the economic revenues. To this aim, this paper focuses on a battery pack made up with Li-ion nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cells and proposes a semiempirical Electrothermal Aging Model, which accounts for both calendar and cycle aging. This modeling phase is supported by several experimental data recorded for many charge and discharge cycles at different C-rates and for several temperatures. Thus, it is possible to analyze and compare scenarios considering V2G services or not. Results show that the considered battery is subjected to a life reduction of about 2 years, which is a consequence of the increased Ah charge throughput, which moves from 120,000 Ah over 10 years (scenario without V2G services) to almost 230,000 Ah over 8 years (scenario with V2G services).