Cardiorenal Syndromes: Definition and Classification
Cardiorenal Syndromes: Definition and Classification
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DOI：
10.1159/000313718
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ronco, Claudio
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ronco, Claudio
为了涵盖大量相互关联的紊乱，并强调心肾相互作用的双向性质，心肾综合征（CRS）的分类目前包括五种亚型，其词源反映了原发性和继发性病理学、时间范围以及继发于全身性疾病的同时心肾功能障碍。 CRS通常可以定义为心脏和肾脏的病理生理障碍，其中一个器官的急性或慢性功能障碍可能引起另一器官的急性或慢性功能障碍。 1 型 CRS 反映心功能突然恶化（例如急性心源性休克或失代偿性充血性心力衰竭），导致急性肾损伤。 2 型 CRS 描述了导致进行性和永久性慢性肾脏疾病的慢性心功能异常（例如慢性充血性心力衰竭）。 3 型 CRS 包括肾功能突然恶化（例如急性肾缺血或肾小球肾炎），导致急性心脏疾病（例如心力衰竭、心律失常、缺血）。 4 型 CRS 描述了一种导致心脏功能下降、心脏肥大和/或不良心血管事件风险增加的慢性肾脏疾病（例如慢性肾小球疾病）状态。 5 型 CRS 反映了导致心脏和肾功能障碍的全身性疾病（例如糖尿病、败血症）。患者的识别和每种综合征亚型的病理生理机制将有助于了解临床疾病并设计未来的临床试验。版权所有 (C) 2010 S. Karger AG，巴塞尔
To include the vast array of interrelated derangements, and to stress the bidirectional nature of the heart-kidney interactions, the classification of the cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) includes today five subtypes whose etymology reflects the primary and secondary pathology, the time-frame and simultaneous cardiac and renal codysfunction secondary to systemic disease. The CRS can be generally defined as a pathophysiologic disorder of the heart and kidneys, whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. Type 1 CRS reflects an abrupt worsening of cardiac function (e.g. acute cardiogenic shock or decompensated congestive heart failure) leading to acute kidney injury. Type 2 CRS describes chronic abnormalities in cardiac function (e.g. chronic congestive heart failure) causing progressive and permanent chronic kidney disease. Type 3 CRS consists in an abrupt worsening of renal function (e.g. acute kidney ischemia or glomerulonephritis) causing acute cardiac disorder (e.g. heart failure, arrhythmia, ischemia). Type 4 CRS describes a state of chronic kidney disease (e.g. chronic glomerular disease) contributing to decreased cardiac function, cardiac hypertrophy and/or increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Type 5 CRS reflects a systemic condition (e.g. diabetes mellitus, sepsis) causing both cardiac and renal dysfunction. The identification of patients and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each syndrome subtype will help to understand clinical disorders and to design future clinical trials. Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel