Attributional style, defensive functioning and persecutory delusions: Symptom-specific or general coping strategy?
Attributional style, defensive functioning and persecutory delusions: Symptom-specific or general coping strategy?
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DOI：
10.1348/014466505x50509
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发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Barrowclough, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Humphreys, Lloyd;Barrowclough, Christine
目标。先前的研究表明，患有迫害妄想症的人使用夸大的自我服务偏见来保护自己免受潜在自我概念的真实或妄想威胁。然而，迄今为止的研究一直不一致，从而限制了可以推断的结论。对于这些差异的发现，一个可能的解释可能是由于使用了诸如归因风格问卷和罗森博格自尊量表等有效性和可靠性存在问题的测量方法。本研究旨在用一种改进的方法来重新检验这一理论，以确定防御功能是否是受迫害妄想的一个决定性特征。设计和方法。采用横断面设计对35名新近发病的精神病患者进行评估。本研究采用了三个归因风格测试，即两个显性测试（归因风格问卷，ASQ）和一个隐性测试（语用推理测试）。自尊是用罗森博格自尊量表（SEI）和半结构化访谈（自我评价和社会支持访谈-精神分裂症版）来测量的。在使用ASQ的所有样本中发现了自我服务偏差（SSB），但在有迫害妄想的参与者中没有发现。此外，SSB与任何归因风格的偏执狂水平无关。在有和没有被害妄想的受试者中都发现了潜在的抑郁归因风格，但与偏执程度无关。较低的积极自尊和较高的消极自尊与偏执狂增加和ssb相关。结果表明，在迫害性妄想患者中观察到的归因偏差并不像以前认为的那样具有症状特异性。归因性SSB的存在与较低的精神病经历有关。本文将讨论研究结果的理论意义。
Objective. Previous research has suggested that individuals with persecutory delusions use an exaggerated self-serving bias to protect themselves from real or delusional threats to their underlying self-concept. However, the research to date has been inconsistent thereby limiting the conclusion that can be inferred. A possible explanation for these discrepant findings may be due to the use of measures with questionable validity and reliability such as the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory. The present study aims to re-examine this theory using an improved methodology to determine whether defensive functioning is a defining feature of persecutory delusions.Design and methods. Thirty-five participants suffering from recent onset psychosis were assessed in a cross-sectional design. Three tests of attributional style were used, two overt measures (Attributional Style Questionnaire, ASQ; and the Internal Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire, IPSAQ) and one covert measure (Pragmatic Inference Test). Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) and a semi-structured interview (Self-Evaluation and Social Support interview-schizophrenia version).Results. A self-serving bias (SSB) was found in the total sample using the ASQ but not specifically in participants with persecutory delusions. In addition, the SSB was unrelated to levels of paranoia on any measure of attributional style. An underlying depressive attributional style was found in both subjects with and without persecutory delusions, but was not associated with levels of paranoia. Lower positive and higher negative self-esteem was associated with increased paranoia and was associated with a SSB.Conclusion. The results indicate that the attributional biases observed in individuals with persecutory delusions are not symptom-specific as previously suggested. The presence of an attributional, SSB was associated with lower psychotic experiences. The theoretical implications of the results will be discussed.