Determining who owns what: Do children infer ownership from first possession?
Determining who owns what: Do children infer ownership from first possession?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.002
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发表时间：
2008-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Neary, Karen R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friedman, Ori;Neary, Karen R.
日常生活的一个基本问题是确定谁拥有什么。人们可以解决这个问题的一种方法是依靠“第一次拥有”的启发式，根据该启发式，第一个拥有物体的人是其所有者，即使其他人随后拥有该物体。我们在五个实验中调查了学龄前儿童对这种启发式的使用。在实验1和实验2中，3岁和4岁的儿童会推断物品是由先拥有它的角色拥有的，即使另一个角色后来拥有了它。两岁的奥尔兹也会表现出这种偏见，但只有当儿童被问及物品的所有权时，物品才被放在角色之间。实验3排除了儿童选择第一个占有者的偏见是由于儿童倾向于选择与物体首先相关的人物的可能性。实验4表明，3岁和4岁的孩子很难忽视第一次拥有启发式，即使提供的证据表明，字符谁第一次拥有的对象是不是它的所有者。但实验5发现，儿童至少在某些情况下可以无视启发式。这五个实验表明，第一个拥有启发式引导儿童的所有权推断。这些发现提供了第一个证据，表明学龄前儿童可以推断谁拥有什么，当没有明确告诉，当不推理与他们个人熟悉的对象。(C)2007 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。
A basic problem of daily life is determining who owns what. One way that people may solve this problem is by relying on a 'first possession' heuristic, according to which the first person who possesses an object is its owner, even if others subsequently possess the object. We investigated preschoolers' use of this heuristic in five experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, 3- and 4-year-olds inferred that an object was owned by the character who possessed it first, even though another character subsequently possessed it. Two-year-olds also showed this bias, but only when the object was placed between the characters when children were asked about ownership. Experiment 3 ruled out the possibility that children's bias to select the first possessor results from a tendency to select the character first associated with the object. Experiment 4 showed that 3- and 4-year-olds have difficulty disregarding the first possession heuristic, even when provided with evidence that the character who first possessed an object is not its owner. But Experiment 5 found that children can disregard the heuristic in at least some situations. These five experiments suggest that the first possession heuristic guides children's ownership inferences. The findings provide the first evidence that preschoolers can infer who owns what, when not explicitly told, and when not reasoning about objects with which they are personally acquainted. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.