EFFECTS OF THERMAL AND HYDRIC ENVIRONMENTS ON INCUBATING EGGS, HATCHING SUCCESS, AND HATCHLING TRAITS IN THE CHINESE SKINK (EUMECES CHINENSIS)
EFFECTS OF THERMAL AND HYDRIC ENVIRONMENTS ON INCUBATING EGGS, HATCHING SUCCESS, AND HATCHLING TRAITS IN THE CHINESE SKINK (EUMECES CHINENSIS)
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发表时间：
2001
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ji Xiang
中科院分区：
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作者：
Ji Xiang
以中国石龙子（Eumeces chinensis）为研究对象，研究了不同温度和湿度环境对中国石龙子卵孵化、胚胎能量和营养物质利用以及幼体性状的影响。采用4×2析因设计，将卵在24、26、30和32℃的温度下在水势为0和-220 kPa的基质上孵育。所有活蛋的质量增加，在孵化过程中，由于水的吸收，并在孵化过程中的质量增益是依赖于初始蛋质量，温度和基板的水势。各处理之间的孵化幼鱼的湿质量的变化主要源于水分含量的变化。温度深刻影响孵化期，孵化过程中蛋的水吸收，胚胎使用的能量和营养物质，胚胎动员的无机材料从壳，几乎所有的孵化性状检查。孵化温度在24 ~ 32℃范围内对孵化成功率无影响。在32℃下孵化的卵孵化的幼体发育较差，表现为较小的尸体和更多未利用的蛋黄，因此比孵化温度较低的同胞小。此外，孵化在32℃的蛋孵化的幼体表现不如他们的兄弟姐妹从温度低于32℃的跑道，即使当幼体的大小（吻孔长度）保持不变。这表明高孵育温度对E.中华绒螯蟹蛋孵化在潮湿的基板产生较大的孵化，含有较小的残留蛋黄比蛋孵化在干燥的基板。在孵化时，24℃孵化的蛋壳比低温孵化的蛋壳干重更重，含有更多的灰分，这表明在该温度下发育的胚胎从蛋壳中提取的无机物质更少。孵化温度对E.孵化温度为30℃时，孵化出的幼体尾部最长，32℃时，孵化出的幼体头部最小。相反，底质水势不是幼体体型和头大小变异的重要来源。温度对幼体性状的影响与水势的影响无关。孵化温度和湿度环境引起的大小和质量的变化对孵化后的存活和适合度具有重要意义。在24 ~ 32℃范围内，温度对孵化成功率的影响不显著，但26℃和30℃更适合孵化E.中国鸡蛋，鸡蛋孵化在这个范围内的温度产生较大的和表现良好的孵化在较低的能量消耗。
Effects of thermal and hydric environments on incubating eggs, embryonic use of energy and nutrients, and hatchling traits were studied in the Chinese skink ( Eumeces chinensis ) from a population in Lishui, Zhejiang, eastern China. The eggs were incubated at temperatures of 24, 26, 30, and 32℃ on substrates with water potentials of 0 and -220 kPa using a 4×2 factorial design. All viable eggs increased in mass over the course of incubation due to absorption of water, and mass gain during incubation was dependent on initial egg mass, temperature, and substrate water potential. Variation in the wet mass of hatchlings among treatments stemmed mainly from variation in water content. Temperature profoundly affected duration of incubation, water uptake by eggs during the course of incubation, embryonic use of energy and nutrients, embryonic mobilization of inorganic material from the shell, and almost all hatchling traits examined. However, incubation temperature did not affect hatching success within the range from 24℃ to 32℃. Hatchlings from eggs incubated at 32℃ were less developed, as indicated by smaller carcasses and more unutilized yolks, and hence were smaller than their siblings from lower incubation temperatures. Moreover, hatchlings from eggs incubated at 32℃ did not perform as well as their siblings from the temperatures lower than 32℃ in the racetrack, even when the hatchling size (snout vent length) was kept constant. This indicates that high incubation temperatures have an impaired effect on locomotor performance of E. chinensis hatchlings. Eggs incubated in wetter substrates produced larger hatchlings that contained smaller residual yolks than did eggs incubated in drier substrates. At the time of hatching, shells form eggs incubated at 24℃ were heavier in dry mass and contained more ash than those from eggs incubated at lower temperatures, suggesting that less inorganic material be withdrawn from the shell by embryos developing at the temperature. Incubation temperature subtly affected body shape and head size of E. chinensis hatchlings: hatchlings from eggs incubated at 30℃ had the longest tails, and hatchlings from eggs incubated at 32℃ had the smallest heads. On the contrary, substrate water potential was not an important source of variation for body shape and head size of hatchlings. The effects of temperature on hatchling traits were independent of the effects of water potential. Variation in size and mass induced by incubation thermal and hydric environments would be important to post hatching survival and fitness of hatchlings. Although temperature did not significantly influence hatching success within the range of 24 to 32℃, 26℃ and 30℃ were more suitable for incubating E. chinensis eggs, as eggs incubated at temperatures within this range produced larger and well performed hatchlings at a lower energy expenditure.