Similarity and differentiation between bacteria associated with skin of salamanders (Plethodon jordani) and free-living assemblages
Similarity and differentiation between bacteria associated with skin of salamanders (Plethodon jordani) and free-living assemblages
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DOI：
10.1111/1574-6941.12314
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Allison, Amanda L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzpatrick, Benjamin M.;Allison, Amanda L.
所有的动物和植物都与微生物有着密切的联系。观点已经从将微生物主要视为病原体转变为健康的动物和植物携带共同进化的微生物的专门社区。然而，这个命题的普遍性是未知的，因为调查很少比较宿主相关的微生物与相关微生境的样本。共生群落可能是从局部环境中聚集起来的，几乎没有进化上的专门化。我们使用16S rRNA序列评估了与蝾螈皮肤相关的细菌与其直接环境中的表面相比的特异性。宿主相关和自由生活的样品有显着差异。然而，相对丰度有很强的相关性，蝾螈皮肤上最丰富的类群也最丰富的森林地面上的潮湿碎片。因此，尽管蝾螈皮肤上的细菌组合在统计上与无生命表面上的细菌组合不同，但它们并不完全不同。候选蝾螈专家的数量很少，发生在低相对丰度。在一些OTU中，等位基因频率的差异表明在更精细的水平上遗传专业化。虽然宿主相关和自由生活的组合是相似的，但一系列或多或少专门的共生体是明显的，蝾螈皮肤上的细菌通常是在环境中其他潮湿表面上常见的OTU的特定基因型。
All animals and plants have intimate associations with microbes. Opinion has shifted from viewing microbes primarily as pathogens to the idea that healthy animals and plants carry specialized communities of coevolving microorganisms. However, the generality of this proposition is unknown because surveys rarely compare host-associated microbes with samples from relevant microhabitats. Symbiotic communities might be assembled from local environments with little evolutionary specialization. We evaluated the specificity of bacteria associated with salamander skin in comparison with surfaces in their immediate environments using 16S rRNA sequences. Host-associated and free-living samples were significantly different. However, relative abundances were strongly correlated; the most abundant taxa on salamander skin were also most abundant on moist debris on the forest floor. Thus, although bacterial assemblages on salamander skin are statistically differentiated from those on inanimate surfaces, they are not entirely distinct'. Candidate salamander specialists were few in number and occurred at low relative abundances. Within some OTUs, differences in allele frequency suggested genetic specialization at finer levels. Although host-associated and free-living assemblages were similar, a range of more or less specialized symbiotes was evident and bacteria on salamander skin were often specific genotypes of OTUs commonly found on other moist surfaces in the environment.