Protecting HIV-positive women's human rights: recommendations for the United States National HIV/AIDS Strategy
Protecting HIV-positive women's human rights: recommendations for the United States National HIV/AIDS Strategy
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DOI：
10.1016/s0968-8080(09)34464-x
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelly, Brook
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ahmed, Aziza;Hanssens, Catherine;Kelly, Brook
为了使美国符合普遍的人权标准，其“艾滋病毒/艾滋病概念战略”在制定满足妇女未得到满足的需求的方案和政策时，需要明确承诺遵守人权框架。本文主要从两个方面对艾滋病病毒感染者的制度化虐待进行了探讨：1)对其合意性行为的刑事定罪；2)通过依赖强制性和选择性退出测试政策，消除知情和书面的双方同意的诊断参与。美国一半以上的州都有针对艾滋病毒的法律，将艾滋病毒感染者的两厢情愿的性行为定为犯罪，无论是否发生传播。奥巴马政府应探索行政和立法激励措施，以消除这些法律和起诉，并将一部分预防资金用于反污名培训。应重新考虑检测政策，取消选择退出和/或强制性艾滋病毒检测作为获得联邦资助的条件；激励措施应鼓励各州采用地方政策强制咨询；应提供自愿的艾滋病毒检测，而不管提供者是否对个人的风险有无记录的认识。(C) 2009年生殖健康事项。版权所有。
To bring the United States in line with prevailing human rights standards, its Notional HIV/AIDS Strategy will need to explicitly commit to a human rights framework when developing programmes and policies that serve the unaddressed needs of women. This paper focuses on two aspects of the institutionalized mistreatment of people with HIV: 1) the criminalization of their consensual sexual conduct; and 2) the elimination of informed and documented consensual participation in their diagnosis through reliance on mandatory and opt-out testing policies. More than half of US states have HIV-specific lows criminalizing the consensual sexual activity of people with HIV regardless of whether transmission occurs. Many of these laws hinge prosecution on the failure of HIV-positive people to disclose their HIV status to a sexual partner The Obama Administration should explore administrative and legislative incentives to eliminate these laws and prosecutions, and target a portion of prevention funding for anti-stigma training. Testing policies should be reconsidered to remove opt-out and/or mandatory HIV testing as a condition for receipt of federal funding; incentives should encourage states to adopt local policies mandating counseling; and voluntary HIV testing should be offered regardless of the provider's undocumented perception of an individual's risk. (C) 2009 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved.