Diving behavior in a Neotropical spider ( Trechalea extensa ) as a potential antipredator tactic
Diving behavior in a Neotropical spider ( Trechalea extensa ) as a potential antipredator tactic
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新热带蜘蛛（Trechalea extensa）的潜水行为是一种潜在的反捕食者策略
DOI：
10.1111/eth.13281
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Tregenza, ed., Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swierk, Lindsey;Petrula, Macy;Esquete, Patricia;Tregenza, ed., Tom
捕食的威胁通常要求动物在不寻常或次优的栖息地寻求庇护。虽然水生保护区被认为被许多陆地动物物种所利用，但与水生保护区相关的挑战可能会妨碍它们的实际用途，特别是对于呼吸空气的变温动物。因此，能够揭示跨越空气-水界面的反捕食者策略演变的观察结果特别有价值。尚未有记录显示，Trechaleidae 科的“半水生”蜘蛛将潜水作为其反捕食行为的一部分，事实上，人们很少知道它们会潜入水中，因为它们的水生觅食是在陆地上进行的。假设潜水行为的缺乏是由于淹没的潜在高成本（例如热和呼吸）。尽管如此，我们还是记录了在被感知到的威胁（人类）追击后，Trechalea extensa 在水下避难所的长时间使用（>30 分钟）。我们还发现了一些形态适应，可能有助于平衡这些成本，并允许水下反捕食者行为，特别是角质层毛发提供疏水表面的能力，允许形成腹甲，进而促进呼吸功能并减少热量损失。这些观察结果扩展了我们对该属栖息地利用的整体理解，更广泛地说，是对蜘蛛的反捕食适应的理解。
Threat of predation often requires animals to seek refuge in unusual or suboptimal habitats. While aquatic refugia are thought to be used by many terrestrial animal species, there are challenges associated with aquatic refugia that could preclude their actual usefulness, particularly to air‐breathing ectotherms. Consequently, observations that can shed light on the evolution of antipredator strategies that cross the air–water interface are particularly valuable. “Semi‐aquatic” spiders in the family Trechaleidae have not been documented using diving as part of their antipredator behavior and, indeed, they are rarely known to submerge themselves at all, as their aquatic foraging occurs from a terrestrial location. The lack of diving behavior is hypothesized to be due to the high potential costs (e.g., thermal and respiratory) of submergence. Despite this, we document the prolonged underwater refuge use (>30 min) ofTrechalea extensafollowing pursuit by a perceived threat (humans). We also identify some morphological adaptations that may potentially help counterbalance these costs and permit underwater antipredator behavior, specifically the ability of cuticular hairs to provide a hydrophobic surface, allowing the formation of a plastron that, in turn, may facilitate respiratory function and reduce heat loss. These observations expand our overall understanding of habitat use in this genus and, more generally, antipredator adaptations of spiders.