Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly study
Dispositional optimism and the risk of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up: The Zutphen Elderly study
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jad.2005.12.027
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Kromhout, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giltay, EJ;Zitman, FG;Kromhout, D
目的：目前尚不清楚性格乐观的人格特质是否对社区老年男性抑郁症的发展有保护作用。性格乐观的人格特质包括广义的积极结果预期、生活投入和未来取向。方法：在一项前瞻性队列研究中，我们纳入了464名年龄在64至84岁之间的男性（平均70.8岁，标准差4.6），基线和5年随访时数据完整，随访期为15年。1985年、1990年、1995年和2000年采用4项问卷对性格乐观进行评估，1990年、1995年和2000年采用Zung抑郁自评量表（SDS）对抑郁症状进行评估。采用Logistic回归估计抑郁症状发生的比值比（即Zung SDS >= 50）。结果：15年随访后，抑郁症状的累计发生率为44% （n=202）。性格乐观预示抑郁症状的累积发生率较低，比值比为0.23（95%置信区间0.15-0.36；高乐观vs低乐观）。在对年龄、自评健康、心血管疾病、教育和体育活动进行多变量调整后，保护作用仍未受到影响。在1990年没有抑郁症状的男性中，性格乐观的保护作用持续存在。局限性：性格乐观量表尚未通过“生活取向测试”验证。结论：在15年的随访中，性格乐观可以防止老年社区男性抑郁症状的发展。(c) 2005 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Objective: It is unclear whether the personality trait of dispositional optimism, defined in terms of generalized positive outcome expectancies, life engagement, and a future orientation, has a protective effect on the development of depression in community-dwelling elderly men.Methods: We included 464 men aged 64 to 84 years (mean 70.8; SD 4.6) with complete data at baseline and at 5 years of follow-up in a prospective cohort study with a follow-up period of 15 years. In 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000 dispositional optimism was assessed using a 4-item questionnaire, and in 1990, 1995 and 2000 depressive symptoms were assessed by the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the development of depressive symptoms (i.e., Zung SDS >= 50).Results: The cumulative incidence for depressive symptoms was 44% (n=202) after 15 years follow-up. Dispositional optimism predicted for a lower cumulative incidence of depressive symptoms with an odds ratio of 0.23 (95% confidence interval 0.15-0.36; high vs. low optimism). The protective effect remained unaffected after multivariate adjustment for age, self-rated health, cardiovascular disease, education, and physical activity. In men free of depressive symptoms in 1990, the protective effect of dispositional optimism persisted.Limitation: The dispositional optimism scale has not been validated against the 'Life Orientation Test'.Conclusions: Dispositional optimism protects against the development of depressive symptoms during 15 years of follow-up in elderly community-dwelling men. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.