A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations.
A high-protein diet induces sustained reductions in appetite, ad libitum caloric intake, and body weight despite compensatory changes in diurnal plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations.
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn.82.1.41
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发表时间：
2005-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Weigle;P. Breen;C. Matthys;H. Callahan;Kaatje E. Meeuws;V. Burden;J. Purnell
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Weigle;P. Breen;C. Matthys;H. Callahan;Kaatje E. Meeuws;V. Burden;J. Purnell
背景技术随意、低碳水化合物饮食减少热量摄入并导致体重减轻。目前尚不清楚这些影响是由于此类饮食中碳水化合物含量的减少还是与蛋白质摄入量的增加有关。目的 我们测试了这样的假设：增加蛋白质含量，同时保持饮食中的碳水化合物含量，可以通过降低食欲和自发热量摄入来降低体重。设计 19 名受试者连续接受以下饮食，测量食欲、热量摄入、体重和脂肪量：维持体重饮食（15% 蛋白质、35% 脂肪和 50% 碳水化合物）2 周，等热量饮食（30% 蛋白质、20% 脂肪和 50% 碳水化合物）2 周，以及随意饮食（30% 蛋白质、20% 脂肪和 50% 碳水化合物）。 50%碳水化合物）持续12周。在每个饮食阶段结束时频繁采集血液样本，以测量胰岛素、瘦素和生长素释放肽的血浆浓度与时间曲线下的面积（AUC）。结果 尽管瘦素 AUC 没有变化，但等热量高蛋白饮食的饱腹感显着增加。尽管瘦素 AUC 显着降低，生长素释放肽 AUC 增加，但随意高蛋白饮食的平均 (+/-SE) 自发能量摄入量减少了 441 +/- 63 kcal/d，体重减少了 4.9 +/- 0.5 kg，脂肪量减少了 3.7 +/- 0.4 kg。结论 在碳水化合物摄入量恒定的情况下，膳食蛋白质从能量的 15% 增加到 30% 会导致随意热量摄入持续减少，这可能是通过中枢神经系统瘦素敏感性增加介导的，并导致体重显着减轻。蛋白质的这种厌食作用可能有助于低碳水化合物饮食产生的体重减轻。
BACKGROUND Ad libitum, low-carbohydrate diets decrease caloric intake and cause weight loss. It is unclear whether these effects are due to the reduced carbohydrate content of such diets or to their associated increase in protein intake. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that increasing the protein content while maintaining the carbohydrate content of the diet lowers body weight by decreasing appetite and spontaneous caloric intake. DESIGN Appetite, caloric intake, body weight, and fat mass were measured in 19 subjects placed sequentially on the following diets: a weight-maintaining diet (15% protein, 35% fat, and 50% carbohydrate) for 2 wk, an isocaloric diet (30% protein, 20% fat, and 50% carbohydrate) for 2 wk, and an ad libitum diet (30% protein, 20% fat, and 50% carbohydrate) for 12 wk. Blood was sampled frequently at the end of each diet phase to measure the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) for insulin, leptin, and ghrelin. RESULTS Satiety was markedly increased with the isocaloric high-protein diet despite an unchanged leptin AUC. Mean (+/-SE) spontaneous energy intake decreased by 441 +/- 63 kcal/d, body weight decreased by 4.9 +/- 0.5 kg, and fat mass decreased by 3.7 +/- 0.4 kg with the ad libitum, high-protein diet, despite a significantly decreased leptin AUC and increased ghrelin AUC. CONCLUSIONS An increase in dietary protein from 15% to 30% of energy at a constant carbohydrate intake produces a sustained decrease in ad libitum caloric intake that may be mediated by increased central nervous system leptin sensitivity and results in significant weight loss. This anorexic effect of protein may contribute to the weight loss produced by low-carbohydrate diets.