Natural sources of atmospheric aerosols influencing air quality across Europe.
Natural sources of atmospheric aerosols influencing air quality across Europe.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.140
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发表时间：
2014-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Viana;J. Pey;X. Querol;A. Alastuey;F. D. Leeuw;A. Lükewille
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Viana;J. Pey;X. Querol;A. Alastuey;F. D. Leeuw;A. Lükewille
大气气溶胶由自然和人为来源排放。自然源对环境气溶胶的贡献随时间变化很大（年际和季节变化），并作为到源区的距离的函数。这项工作旨在确定影响欧洲空气质量的大气气溶胶的主要自然来源。评估了2008年和2009年自然事件的起源、频率、规模以及空间和时间变异性。已查明的大气气溶胶的主要自然来源是非洲的灰尘、海上喷雾和野火。初级生物颗粒不包括在本工作中。在研究期间，火山爆发并没有显著影响欧洲的空气质量。在南欧和西欧（塞浦路斯、西班牙、法国、英国、希腊、马耳他、意大利和葡萄牙），自然事件对空气质量的影响是显著的，它们导致PM10日和年限值超过。在中欧和北方欧洲（德国、奥地利和拉脱维亚），这些事件的影响较低，因为它导致PM日限值而不是年度限值的增加。2008年和2009年，自然源对年均PM10水平的贡献在意大利、法国和葡萄牙介于1和2 μg/m3之间，西班牙介于1和4 μg/m3之间（包括加那利群岛时为10 μg/m3），英国为5 μg/m3，希腊介于3和8 μg/m3之间，塞浦路斯高达13 μg/m3。每个国家的监测站的每日限值（DLV）的自然偏差的数量的评估建议作为一个潜在的工具，空气质量监测网络，以检测自然贡献的评估离群值。强烈建议在整个欧洲采用一种确定和量化非洲粉尘贡献的参考方法。
Atmospheric aerosols are emitted by natural and anthropogenic sources. Contributions from natural sources to ambient aerosols vary widely with time (inter-annual and seasonal variability) and as a function of the distance to source regions. This work aims to identify the main natural sources of atmospheric aerosols affecting air quality across Europe. The origin, frequency, magnitude, and spatial and temporal variability of natural events were assessed for the years 2008 and 2009. The main natural sources of atmospheric aerosols identified were African dust, sea spray and wildfires. Primary biological particles were not included in the present work. Volcanic eruptions did not affect air quality significantly in Europe during the study period. The impact of natural episodes on air quality was significant in Southern and Western Europe (Cyprus, Spain, France, UK, Greece, Malta, Italy and Portugal), where they contributed to surpass the PM10daily and annual limit values. In Central and Northern Europe (Germany, Austria and Latvia) the impact of these events was lower, as it resulted in the exceedance of PM daily but not annual limit values. Contributions from natural sources to mean annual PM10levels in 2008 and 2009 ranged between 1 and 2 μg/m3in Italy, France and Portugal, between 1 and 4 μg/m3in Spain (10 μg/m3when including the Canary Islands), 5 μg/m3in UK, between 3 and 8 μg/m3in Greece, and reached up to 13 μg/m3in Cyprus. The evaluation of the number of monitoring stations per country reporting natural exceedances of the daily limit value (DLV) is suggested as a potential tool for air quality monitoring networks to detect outliers in the assessment of natural contributions. It is strongly suggested that a reference methodology for the identification and quantification of African dust contributions should be adopted across Europe.