The narrative truth about scientific misinformation
The narrative truth about scientific misinformation
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1914085117
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发表时间：
2021-04-13
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Dahlstrom, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dahlstrom, Michael F.
当科学和讲故事谈及真理时，它们有着不同的含义。这种差异导致一些人指责讲故事呈现了扭曲的科学观并助长了错误信息。然而，也有人赞扬讲故事是吸引受众和分享准确科学信息的一种方式。这篇综述梳理了讲故事与科学错误信息相互交织的复杂性。讲故事是分享一个叙事的行为，而科学和叙事代表了构建现实的两种不同方式。科学寻找能捕捉世界普遍真理的广泛模式，而叙事则通过人类经验寻找联系，为现实赋予意义和价值。我探讨了这些关于真理的不同概念如何在不同情境中体现，从而促进或抵制科学错误信息。我还指出了文献中的空白，并确定了有前景的未来研究领域。尽管存在差异，科学和叙事的根本目的都是试图理解世界并找到我们在其中的位置。虽然叙事确实可能导致科学错误信息，但叙事也可以通过为现实提供意义，将准确的科学知识融入人类经验，从而帮助科学抵制错误信息。
Science and storytelling mean different things when they speak of truth. This difference leads some to blame storytelling for presenting a distorted view of science and contributing to misinformation. Yet others celebrate storytelling as a way to engage audiences and share accurate scientific information. This review disentangles the complexities of how storytelling intersects with scientific misinformation. Storytelling is the act of sharing a narrative, and science and narrative represent two distinct ways of constructing reality. Where science searches for broad patterns that capture general truths about the world, narratives search for connections through human experience that assign meaning and value to reality. I explore how these contrasting conceptions of truth manifest across different contexts to either promote or counter scientific misinformation. I also identify gaps in the literature and identify promising future areas of research. Even with their differences, the underlying purpose of both science and narrative seeks to make sense of the world and find our place within it. While narrative can indeed lead to scientific misinformation, narrative can also help science counter misinformation by providing meaning to reality that incorporates accurate science knowledge into human experience.