Transcriptional Regulation of Fruit Ripening by Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs and Associated MADS Box Proteins
Transcriptional Regulation of Fruit Ripening by Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs and Associated MADS Box Proteins
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DOI：
10.1105/tpc.113.119453
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Ito, Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fujisawa, Masaki;Shima, Yoko;Ito, Yasuhiro
番茄（Solanum lycopersicum） MADS box FRUITFULL同源物FUL1和FUL2作为关键的成熟调控因子，并与主调控因子MADS box蛋白ripening INHIBITOR （RIN）相互作用。在这里，我们报道了通过对FUL1/FUL2抑制果实的转录组分析和染色质免疫沉淀结合靶向番茄基因启动子的芯片分析（ChIP-chip），大规模鉴定了FUL1和FUL2的直接靶点。ChIP-chip和转录组分析发现，FUL1/FUL2靶基因包含至少一个由FUL1或FUL2结合的基因组区域（主要发生在其启动子中），并且在成熟过程中表现出FUL1/FUL2依赖性表达。这些分析确定了860个直接的FUL1靶点和878个直接的FUL2靶点；这组基因既包括RIN的直接靶点，也包括RIN的非靶点。FUL1/FUL2靶点的功能分类表明，这些FUL同源物通过调控成熟相关基因的表达，在许多生物学过程中发挥作用，既与RIN合作，也与RIN独立。我们的体外实验表明，FUL同源物、RIN和番茄AGAMOUS-LIKE1形成DNA结合复合物，表明这些MADS box蛋白的四聚体复合物主要负责调控成熟。
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) MADS box FRUITFULL homologs FUL1 and FUL2 act as key ripening regulators and interact with the master regulator MADS box protein RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN). Here, we report the large-scale identification of direct targets of FUL1 and FUL2 by transcriptome analysis of FUL1/FUL2 suppressed fruits and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) targeting tomato gene promoters. The ChIP-chip and transcriptome analysis identified FUL1/FUL2 target genes that contain at least one genomic region bound by FUL1 or FUL2 (regions that occur mainly in their promoters) and exhibit FUL1/FUL2-dependent expression during ripening. These analyses identified 860 direct FUL1 targets and 878 direct FUL2 targets; this set of genes includes both direct targets of RIN and nontargets of RIN. Functional classification of the FUL1/FUL2 targets revealed that these FUL homologs function in many biological processes via the regulation of ripening-related gene expression, both in cooperation with and independent of RIN. Our in vitro assay showed that the FUL homologs, RIN, and tomato AGAMOUS-LIKE1 form DNA binding complexes, suggesting that tetramer complexes of these MADS box proteins are mainly responsible for the regulation of ripening.