Estimation of atmospheric emissions of six semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern Canada and the United States by use of an emissions processing system
Estimation of atmospheric emissions of six semivolatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in southern Canada and the United States by use of an emissions processing system
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DOI：
10.1021/es062303k
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发表时间：
2007-06-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Diamond, Miriam L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galarneau, Elisabeth;Makar, Paul A.;Diamond, Miriam L.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一种广泛存在于大气环境中的有毒化合物。输入的排放处理系统，最初配置的标准空气污染物的研究进行了更新，计算排放量的六个半挥发性多环芳烃。这项工作的目标是产生排放量估计与空间和时间分辨率需要作为输入到加拿大南部和美国的区域空气质量模型这样的建模是有助于确定减少多环芳烃排放量，可能是必要的，以保护人类和生态系统的健康。这两个国家的六种多环芳烃（Sigma 6PAH）的年排放总量估计为18 273毫克/年。这些排放中有90%来自美国。前六种来源类型占排放量的73%，与金属生产、露天焚烧、焚烧和森林火灾有关。本研究中使用的排放因子来自已发表的汇编。虽然这一方法在汇编过程中具有质量控制的优点，但有些汇编包含了可能高估排放量的较早研究的因素，因为这些因素没有考虑到排放控制技术的最新改进。与2002年国家排放清单（NEI）公布的估计值相比，本研究中美国的排放量高出4倍（16424对4102 Mg/年）。这种差异的原因进行了调查，其中很大一部分可能是由于我们使用的数据在2002年NEI不可用，但推断在这里的多环芳烃排放文献的基础上。用这一补充资料扩大2002年国家环境指数将使其报告的年排放量达到8213兆克/年，这在本文估计数的2倍之内。加拿大南部的结果是该国所有已知PAH来源的首次公布值。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds that are ubiquitous in the atmospheric environ ment. The input for an emissions processing system that was originally configured for the study of criteria air pollutants was updated to calculate emissions of six semivolatile PAHs. The goal of the work was to produce emissions estimates with the spatial and temporal resolution needed to serve as input to a regional air quality model for southern Canada and the U.S. Such modeling is helpful in determining reductions in PAH emissions that may be necessary to protect human and ecosystem health. The total annual emission of the six PAHs (Sigma 6PAH) for both countries was estimated at 18 273 Mg/year. A total of 90% of these emissions arise from U.S. sources. The top six source types account for 73% of emissions and are related to metal production, open burning, incineration, and forest fires. The emission factors used in this study were derived from published compilations. Although this approach has the advantage of quality control during the compilation process, some compilations include factors from older studies that may overestimate emissions since they do not account for recent improvements in emission control technology. When compared to estimates published in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI) for 2002, the U.S. emissions in this study are higher by a factor of 4 (16 424 vs 4102 Mg/year). The cause of this difference has been investigated, and much of it is likely due to our use of data unavailable in the 2002 NEI but inferred here on the basis of the PAH emissions literature. Augmenting the 2002 NEI with this additional information would bring its reported annual emissions to 8213 Mg/year, which is within a factor of 2 of the estimates herein. The results presented for southern Canada are the first published values for all known PAH sources in that country.