Land Cover Changes and Drivers in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China from 2000 to 2015
Land Cover Changes and Drivers in the Water Source Area of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China from 2000 to 2015
复制标题
2000-2015年中国南水北调中线工程水源区土地覆盖变化及驱动因素
DOI：
10.1007/s11769-020-1099-y
复制
发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ren Zhiyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gao Wenwen;Zeng Yuan;Ren Zhiyuan
南水北调中线工程于2003年开工建设，从丹江口水库向华北地区调水，用于生活、农业和工业用水。南水北调中线工程水源区是受本工程建设影响最大、最敏感的区域。利用2000 - 2015年Landsat TM和HJ-1A/B影像，采用基于对象的方法和层次分类方法，对水源地土地覆盖进行制图。利用转移矩阵、单项动态度、坡面带和植被覆盖度（FVC）分析了土地覆盖变化。结果表明，近15年来，耕地面积减少了31%，主要被灌木林所取代，而森林和居民点面积分别增加了29.2%和77.7%。耕地变化在各坡带中均较为明显，25 °以上坡带减少最为显著（-43.8%）。与林、灌相比，草地的FVC显著提高，增长率为16.6%。我们得出的结论是，地方政策，包括经济发展，水资源保护和移民造成的建设MR-SNWDP，是土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力;特别是，他们刺激了大量和快速扩张的定居点，增加了一倍的湿地，并推动从耕地到移民区的定居点的转变。
The Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MR-SNWDP) in China, with construction beginning in 2003, diverts water from Danjiangkou Reservoir to North China for residential, agriculture and industrial use. The water source area of the MR-SNWDP is the region that is most sensitive to and most affected by the construction of this water diversion project. In this study, we used Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and HJ-1A/B images from 2000 to 2015 by an object-based approach with a hierarchical classification method for mapping land cover in the water source area. The changes in land cover were illuminated by transfer matrixes, single dynamic degree, slope zones and fractional vegetation cover (FVC). The results indicated that the area of cropland decreased by 31% and was replaced mainly by shrub over the past 15 years, whereas forest and settlements showed continuous increases of 29.2% and 77.7%, respectively. The changes in cropland were obvious in all slope zones and decreased most remarkably (-43.8%) in the slope zone above 25 degrees. Compared to the FVC of forest and shrub, significant improvement was exhibited in the FVC of grassland, with a growth rate of 16.6%. We concluded that local policies, including economic development, water conservation and immigration resulting from the construction of the MR-SNWDP, were the main drivers of land cover changes; notably, they stimulated the substantial and rapid expansion of settlements, doubled the wetlands and drove the transformation from cropland to settlements in immigration areas.