Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections.
Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections.
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DOI：
10.3389/fcimb.2021.643953
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Mirzaei H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boroumand H;Badie F;Mazaheri S;Seyedi ZS;Nahand JS;Nejati M;Baghi HB;Abbasi-Kolli M;Badehnoosh B;Ghandali M;Hamblin MR;Mirzaei H
病毒感染除了破坏宿主细胞外，还可能损害宿主免疫系统，导致频繁复发或长期持续。病毒有能力破坏宿主细胞，同时释放自己的RNA或DNA，以便在其他宿主细胞内复制。病毒的生命周期使得开发抗病毒药物具有挑战性。基于纳米技术的方法已被建议有效地处理病毒性疾病，并克服抗病毒药物的一些局限性。纳米技术使科学家能够克服抗病毒药物的溶解性和毒性的挑战，并可以提高它们对病毒和病毒感染细胞的选择性，同时保护健康的宿主细胞。壳聚糖是一种天然存在的聚合物，已用于构建纳米颗粒（NP），其具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、毒性较小、易于制备，并且可以用作有效的药物递送系统（DDS）。此外，壳聚糖还被美国食品和药物管理局（美国FDA）公认为安全（GRAS）。壳聚糖NP已用于通过口服、眼、肺、鼻、粘膜、口腔或阴道途径的药物递送。它们还被研究用于基因递送、疫苗递送和先进的癌症治疗。多方面的证据表明，壳聚糖纳米粒可用作抗病毒感染的新治疗工具。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关壳聚糖纳米粒对各种病毒感染的治疗潜力的报告。
Viral infections, in addition to damaging host cells, can compromise the host immune system, leading to frequent relapse or long-term persistence. Viruses have the capacity to destroy the host cell while liberating their own RNA or DNA in order to replicate within additional host cells. The viral life cycle makes it challenging to develop anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology-based approaches have been suggested to deal effectively with viral diseases, and overcome some limitations of anti-viral drugs. Nanotechnology has enabled scientists to overcome the challenges of solubility and toxicity of anti-viral drugs, and can enhance their selectivity towards viruses and virally infected cells, while preserving healthy host cells. Chitosan is a naturally occurring polymer that has been used to construct nanoparticles (NPs), which are biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, easy to prepare, and can function as effective drug delivery systems (DDSs). Furthermore, chitosan is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the US Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA). Chitosan NPs have been used in drug delivery by the oral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, mucosal, buccal, or vaginal routes. They have also been studied for gene delivery, vaccine delivery, and advanced cancer therapy. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that chitosan NPs could be used as new therapeutic tools against viral infections. In this review we summarize reports concerning the therapeutic potential of chitosan NPs against various viral infections.