Live bacterial vaccine vectors: an overview.

Live bacterial vaccine vectors: an overview.
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DOI:
10.1590/s1517-83822014000400001
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Martins EA
Martins EA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
da Silva AJ;Zangirolami TC;Novo-Mansur MT;Giordano Rde C;Martins EA

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可以对遗传减毒微生物、病原体和一些共生细菌进行工程改造,以递送重组异源抗原来刺激宿主免疫系统,同时仍然提供良好的安全性。这些活载体的关键特征是它们刺激粘膜以及体液和/或细胞系统免疫的能力。这使得能够使用不同形式的疫苗接种来防止粘膜组织的病原体定殖,粘膜组织是许多感染因子的前门。此外,DNA疫苗和免疫系统刺激分子(如细胞因子)的递送可以使用这些特殊载体来实现,其佐剂性质和有时的侵入能力增强免疫应答。最近,这些载体的独特特征和多功能性也被用于开发抗癌疫苗,其中递送肿瘤相关抗原、细胞因子和DNA或RNA分子。不同的策略和遗传工具正在不断开发,增加了这些系统提供的代理的抗原潜力,为新目的的车辆部署开辟了新的前景。在这里,我们总结了不同类型的活细菌载体的主要特点,并讨论了这些输送系统在疫苗学领域的新应用。
Genetically attenuated microorganisms, pathogens, and some commensal bacteria can be engineered to deliver recombinant heterologous antigens to stimulate the host immune system, while still offering good levels of safety. A key feature of these live vectors is their capacity to stimulate mucosal as well as humoral and/or cellular systemic immunity. This enables the use of different forms of vaccination to prevent pathogen colonization of mucosal tissues, the front door for many infectious agents. Furthermore, delivery of DNA vaccines and immune system stimulatory molecules, such as cytokines, can be achieved using these special carriers, whose adjuvant properties and, sometimes, invasive capacities enhance the immune response. More recently, the unique features and versatility of these vectors have also been exploited to develop anti-cancer vaccines, where tumor-associated antigens, cytokines, and DNA or RNA molecules are delivered. Different strategies and genetic tools are constantly being developed, increasing the antigenic potential of agents delivered by these systems, opening fresh perspectives for the deployment of vehicles for new purposes. Here we summarize the main characteristics of the different types of live bacterial vectors and discuss new applications of these delivery systems in the field of vaccinology.
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