Soil Salinity Research in 21st Century in Pakistan: Its Impact on Availability of Plant Nutrients, Growth and Yield of Crops
Soil Salinity Research in 21st Century in Pakistan: Its Impact on Availability of Plant Nutrients, Growth and Yield of Crops
复制标题
21世纪巴基斯坦土壤盐分研究：对植物养分有效性、作物生长和产量的影响
DOI：
10.1080/00103624.2020.1854294
复制
发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Syed Azeemuddin;G. Sarwar;S. Shah;S. Muhammad
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Syed Azeemuddin;G. Sarwar;S. Shah;S. Muhammad
盐碱地正在影响巴基斯坦的大部分地区。该国地处半干旱和干旱地区，气候属亚热带大陆性气候，盐碱化和钠化过程正在进行中。过高的含盐量会对土壤的生物、化学和物理性质产生不利影响。这些物理和化学变化影响土壤微生物和植物根系的活性，最终影响作物的生长和产量。因此，从粮食安全的角度来看，必须将这些受盐影响的土地用于农业生产，以满足迅速增长的人口。本文简要概述了巴基斯坦受盐影响土壤的不同方面，包括其范围、起源、存在、性质、类型、原因、特征、视觉诊断、对土壤和植物的影响、耐盐植物物种、管理、克服盐碱的战略、盐碱和生物盐碱农业。通过采取有助于开垦这些土壤的战略，可以管理不同的盐度问题。综述的重点是化学和生物改良剂，因为它们是改善盐碱土各种土壤性质（土壤渗透性和结构稳定性）以实现可持续粮食生产的最有效工具，从而验证无机和有机改良剂恢复土壤质量的潜力。通过添加肥料可以将盐分影响降低到更高的水平，这些改良剂还可以提高养分利用效率。还指出了其他可持续的农艺做法（作物多样化、灌溉水沥滤、刮除等），这些做法可能会抑制，在某些情况下，扭转土壤盐碱化的状况。
ABSTRACT Salinity is affecting a large area of Pakistan. The country is situated in a semiarid and arid region where the climate is subtropical continental and the process of salinization and sodification is in progress. Excessive salt rates are adversely influencing the biological, chemical, and physical properties of soils. These physical and chemical changes influence the activity of soil microbes and plant roots, and eventually affect the crop growth and yield. Therefore, it is essential from the food security viewpoint to bring these salt-affected lands into agriculture production for the promptly growing population. The paper provides a brief overview of the different aspects of salt-affected soils regarding their extent, origin, existence, nature, types, causes, characteristics, visual diagnosis, effects on soils and plants, salttolerant plant species, management, strategies adopted in Pakistan to overcome salinity, saline, and bio-saline agriculture. Different issues of salinity can be managed by adopting strategies that are helpful in reclamation of such soils. The overview focuses on chemical and biological amendments as they are the most effective implements in improving various soil properties (soil permeability and structural stability) of saline/sodic soils for sustainable food production, thus, authenticating the potential of inorganic and organic amendments to reinstate soil quality. Salinity effects can be reduced to a higher level by the addition of fertilizers and these amendments may also improve nutrient use efficiency. Other sustainable agronomic practices (crop diversifications, leaching by irrigation water, scraping, etc are also pointed out that may inhibit and, in some cases, reverse the conditions of soil salinization.