Legacy of Charcoaling in a Western Highland Rim Forest in Tennessee

Legacy of Charcoaling in a Western Highland Rim Forest in Tennessee
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田纳西州西部高地边缘森林的木炭遗产

DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Clatterbuck
W. Clatterbuck
中科院分区：
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Hart;Saskia L. van de Gevel;D. F. Mann;W. Clatterbuck

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19世纪和20世纪，西部高地边缘的森林受到钢铁工业的严重影响。生产铁需要大量的木炭。木材被切割，在炉子里燃烧以产生木炭，然后木炭被运送到当地的熔炉和锻造厂。我们的研究目的是记录木炭生产对田纳西州西部高地边缘森林的土壤特性、物种组成和林分结构的持久影响。在炉火中产生木炭的火灾是强烈的、空间集中的事件，改变了土壤特性，与典型的地面火灾不同。我们假设仍会有木炭制造过程的足迹，证据是森林组成和结构属性的系统差异可能与土壤属性有关。结果表明，炭炉与周围场地的某些土壤性状存在显著差异。然而，不同的土壤条件对森林发展没有显著影响。尽管壁炉和邻近地区的树木密度不同，但炭炉和非炉边的乔木物种丰富度、多样性(H‘)、均匀度(J)或断面积没有系统差异。研究结果表明，历史土地利用对田纳西州现代森林群落的影响微乎其微。
ABSTRACT Forests of the Western Highland Rim were heavily influenced by the iron industry during the 19th and 20th centuries. The production of iron required large amounts of charcoal. Timber was cut, burned in hearths to produce charcoal and then the charcoal was transported to local furnaces and forges. The goal of our study was to document the lasting effects of charcoal production on soil characteristics, species composition and stand structure for a forest on the Western Highland Rim in Tennessee. Fires used in hearths to produce charcoal were intense, spatially concentrated events that modified soil characteristics differently than typical surface fires. We hypothesized there would still be a footprint of the charcoal making process evidenced by systematic differences in forest composition and structural attributes that could be related to soil properties. Results show there were significant differences in some soil traits between charcoal hearths and surrounding sites. However, differing soil conditions have not significantly influenced forest development. Although tree density differed between hearths and adjacent areas, there were no systematic differences in tree species richness, diversity (H′), evenness (J) or basal area between charcoal hearth and non-hearth sites. Results of this study indicate the historic land use has minimal influence on modern forest communities in our Tennessee study site.