Chemical characterization and toxicity assessment of fine particulate matters emitted from the combustion of petrol and diesel fuels
Chemical characterization and toxicity assessment of fine particulate matters emitted from the combustion of petrol and diesel fuels
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汽油和柴油燃烧排放的细颗粒物的化学特性和毒性评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.058
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发表时间：
2017-12-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Chen，Jianmin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu，Di;Zhang，Fei;Chen，Jianmin
燃料消耗是造成全球空气污染的主要因素之一。大量研究表明，柴油和汽油废气中的细颗粒物(FPM)与各种疾病的增加有关。然而，不同燃料类型及其化学成分对毒性的影响研究较少。在本研究中，对中国常用的四种燃料进行了实验室模拟燃烧，并对燃烧后的燃料进行了分析。透射电子显微镜显示，炭黑主要为炭黑，呈树枝状。轻柴油、船用重柴油、93辛烷值汽油和97辛烷值汽油柴油的FPM排放因子分别为3.05±0.29、3.21±0.54、2.36±0.33和2.28±0.25g/kg燃料。FPM中“16 US EPA”多环芳烃的排放因子分别为0.45±0.20、0.80±0.22、1.00±0.20和1.05±0.19 mg/g。铁是这些FPM中含量最丰富的金属，FPM的排放因子分别为2.58±0.70、4.45±0.11、8.18±0.58和9.24±0.17 mg/g FPM。我们对燃料燃烧排放的FPM的细胞毒性进行了排名：船用重质柴油和97辛烷值汽油；93辛烷值汽油和轻质柴油；以及燃料燃烧排放的FPM的遗传毒性：船用重质柴油和轻质柴油。多环芳烃浓度与活性氧物种(ROS)的产生之间存在显著的相关性。我们的结果表明，燃料废气中的FPM与ROS活性、细胞毒性和遗传毒性有很强的相关性。这些结果表明，燃料尾气对健康构成了潜在的严重威胁，并强调了评估汽车尾气中颗粒性污染物构成的健康风险的重要性。
Fuel consumption is one of the major contributors to air pollution worldwide. Plenty of studies have demonstrated that the diesel and petrol exhaust fine particulate matters (FPMs) are associated with increases of various diseases. However, the influences of different fuel types and their chemical components on toxicity have been less investigated. In this study, four kinds of fuels that widely used in China were burned in a laboratory simulation, and the FPMs were collected and analyzed. Transmission electron microscopy showed that black carbon was mainly soot with a dendritic morphology. For light diesel oil, marine heavy diesel oil, 93 octane petrol and 97 octane petrol diesel oil, the emission factors of FPMs were 3.05 ± 0.29, 3.21 ± 0.54, 2.36 ± 0.33, and 2.28 ± 0.25 g/kg fuel, respectively. And the emission factors for the “16 US EPA” PAHs of FPM were 0.45 ± 0.20, 0.80 ± 0.22, 1.00 ± 0.20, and 1.05 ± 0.19 mg/g FPMs, respectively. Fe is the most abundant metal in these FPMs, and the emission factors of FPMs were 2.58 ± 1.70, 4.45 ± 0.11, 8.18 ± 0.58, and 9.24 ± 0.17 mg/g FPMs, respectively. We ranked the cytotoxicity of the FPMs emission from fuels combustion: marine heavy diesel oil > 97 octane petrol > 93 octane petrol > light diesel oil, and the genotoxicity of FPMs emission from fuels combustion: marine heavy diesel oil > light diesel oil > 93 octane petrol > 97 octane petrol. Significant correlations were found between PAH concentrations and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Our results demonstrated that fuels exhaust FPMs have strong association with ROS activity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. These results indicated that fuels exhaust FPMs pose a potentially serious health, and emphasized the importance of assessing the health risks posed by the particulate pollutants in vehicle exhausts.