An assessment of activity-based modeling and simulation for applications in operational studies, disaster preparedness, and homeland security
An assessment of activity-based modeling and simulation for applications in operational studies, disaster preparedness, and homeland security
复制标题
对基于活动的建模和模拟在作战研究、备灾和国土安全中的应用进行评估
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Golledge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Henson;K. Goulias;R. Golledge
摘要为了讨论国土安全建模所需的功能，回顾了行为模型范式及其在旅行和寻路中的应用，沿着回顾了53个基于活动的模型。国土安全研究的两个例子包括强调这些需求。这篇评论表明，只有少数的模型具有良好的空间和时间分辨率以及明确的认知行为能力的期望特性。由于位置的重要性因时间和/或一周中的某一天而变化，这取决于个人的存在以及潜在目标是城市中的特定位置的事实，因此对这些类型的场景进行建模的数据需求超过了典型的规划和预测建模以及研究建模。最后，讨论的数据和信息的差距，在目前的研究，重点是土地利用和人口数据短缺，需要纳入更多的时间限制，包括每周和季节性变化的旅行行为，开发一个新的范式，在恐慌和紧急情况下的活动调度活动建模，并需要了解行为错误和偏见。
Abstract In order to discuss features needed for homeland security modeling, a review of behavioral model paradigms and their application in travel and wayfinding along with the review of 53 activity-based models have been conducted. Two examples of homeland security studies are included to highlight these needs. This review demonstrates that only a few of the models have the desired characteristics of fine spatial and temporal resolutions as well as explicit cognitive-behavioral capabilities. Because the criticality of locations varies due to time and/or the day of the week depending on the presence of individuals and the fact that potential targets are specific locations within a city, data needs for modeling these types of scenarios exceed typical planning and forecasting modeling as well as research modeling. Finally, a discussion of data and information gaps in current research is included that focuses on land use and population data shortfalls, the need incorporating more time constraints in activity modeling including weekly and seasonal variations in travel behavior, developing a new paradigm for activity scheduling in panic and emergency situations, and the need to understand behavioral errors and biases.