Evaluating pea and barley cultivars for complementarity in intercropping at different levels of soil N availability
Evaluating pea and barley cultivars for complementarity in intercropping at different levels of soil N availability
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-4290(01)00176-9
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发表时间：
2001-09-28
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Jensen, ES
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hauggaard-Nielsen, H;Jensen, ES
在温带桑迪壤土上进行了2个田间试验，试验用6个豌豆（PisumsativumL.）和5个春大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）品种，以确定间作中品种在籽粒产量、干物质产量和氮（N）获取方面的互补性。在这两个试验中，作物在有或没有供应40或50 kg N ha（-1）的情况下生长。采用替代设计（50：50），将栽培品种种植为单一作物（SC）和混合间作（IC）。土地当量比（LER）是指在间作条件下，为达到间作产量所需的相对土地面积，结果表明，间作条件下，大麦是间作的主要竞争者，间作条件下大麦的产量和氮素吸收量与单作条件下相近，间作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量与单作条件下相近，单作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量与单作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量相比，单作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量与单作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量相比，单作条件下豌豆的单株产量和地上部氮素积累量均高于单作条件下豌豆由于竞争性相互作用，间作豌豆的产量减少到SC豌豆的一半以下。施氮引起间作组成的动态变化。随着施氮量的增加，来自大麦的竞争增加，豌豆对间作组合产量的贡献减少。LER值表明，间作条件下，不施氮肥时，作物生长资源利用效率平均提高20%，施氮肥时，作物生长资源利用效率提高5 - 10%，间作条件下豌豆品种的选择比大麦品种的选择对间作效果的影响更大。此外，豌豆品种×种植制度的相互作用，表明品种在单作和间作中表现不同。一个不确定的豌豆品种与大麦竞争激烈，导致更大比例的豌豆间作产量，但导致减少氮的吸收和大麦产量。确定豌豆正常叶片造成的最高程度的补充使用的N源，使大麦有效地利用土壤N源，而他们与固定N-2。然而，品种之间的性能差异进行了观察。使用无限型豌豆品种组合IC谷物产量一般低于最大的单一作物产量，并且对于有限型豌豆品种反之亦然。高达22%（LER = 1.22）更高的综合IC粮食产量观察在几个混合物中使用有限豌豆ventilations.From目前的研究，它的结论是，有必要为间作目的，培育合适的豌豆品种，因为品种繁殖单作可能不是类型，这是最适合间作。为了优化豌豆-大麦间作的氮素利用，得出结论，间作豌豆的重要性状是：（1）有限生长;（2）生长初期根系对土壤无机氮和其它养分具有中等竞争力;（3）在高等大麦组分的冠层下生长的豌豆的高光吸收能力，以及（4）早期建立共生固氮，以支持早期生长阶段的高生长率。施肥豌豆-大麦间作使15%的纯收入高于施肥大麦单一种植，被认为是一个更好的保障农民的收入相比，豌豆单一种植已知的变量产量和对杂草的竞争能力差。(C)出版社：Elsevier Science B.V.
Two field experiments were carried out on a temperate sandy loam using six pea (Pisum sativum L.) and five spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to determine cultivar complementarity in the intercrop for grain yield, dry matter production and nitrogen (N) acquisition. Crops were grown with or without the supply of 40 or 50 kg N ha(-1) in the two experiments. Cultivars were grown as sole crops (SC) and as mixed intercrops (IC) using a replacement design (50:50). The land equivalent ratio (LER), which is defined as the relative land area under SC that is required to produce the yields achieved in intercropping, were used to compare cultivar performance in intercropping relative to sole cropping.Barley was the stronger competitor in the intercrops and as a result barley grain yield and nitrogen uptake in IC were similar to SC. The per plant pea grain production and aboveground N accumulation in IC were reduced to less than half compared to SC pea plants due to competitive interactions.Application of N caused a dynamic change in the intercrop composition. Competition from barley increased with N application and the pea contribution to the combined intercrop grain yield decreased. The LER values showed that in the intercrop plant growth resources were used on average 20% more efficient without N application and 5-10% more efficient with N application.The choice of pea cultivar in the intercrop influenced the intercrop performance to a larger degree than the choice of barley cultivar. Furthermore, pea cultivar x cropping systems interactions was observed, indicating that cultivars performed differently in sole and intercrops. An indeterminate pea cultivar competed strongly with barley causing a greater proportion of peas in the intercrop yield, but caused a reduced N uptake and yield of barley. Determinate peas with normal leaves caused the highest degree of complementary use of N sources by allowing barley to exploit the soil N sources efficiently, while they contribute with fixed N-2. However, difference in performance among cultivars was observed. Using the indeterminate pea cultivar combined IC grain yield was in general lower than the greatest sole crop yield and vice versa for the determinate pea cultivars. Up to 22% (LER = 1.22) greater combined IC grain yield was observed in several mixtures using determinate pea cultivars.From the present study, it is was concluded that there is a need for breeding suitable pea cultivars for intercropping purposes, since cultivars bred for sole cropping may not be the types, which are the most suitable for intercropping. For optimized N-use in pea-barley intercrops it is concluded that important traits for the intercropped pea are: (1) determinate growth, (2) a medium competitive root system for soil inorganic N and other nutrients during early growth, (3) high light absorption capacity by peas growing underneath the canopy of the higher barley component and (4) early establishment of symbiotic NZ fixation to support a high growth rate during early growth stages.Fertilized pea-barley intercrops gave a 15% higher net income than fertilized barley sole cropping and is regarded as a better safeguard for the farmer's earnings compared to pea sole cropping known for variable yields and poor competitive ability towards weeds. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.