Five seconds or sixty? Presentation time in expert memory
Five seconds or sixty? Presentation time in expert memory
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DOI：
10.1207/s15516709cog2404_4
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发表时间：
2000-10-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Simon, HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gobet, F;Simon, HA
多年来，国际象棋游戏为认知研究提供了一个宝贵的任务环境，特别是新手和专家之间的差异以及消除这些差异的学习，以及人类记忆的结构及其参数。Gobet和Simon在EPAM理论基础上提出的模板理论对国际象棋棋位呈现和反冲过程中的认知过程提供了精确的预测。本文描述了CHREST的行为，模板理论的计算机实现，在记忆任务中，当呈现时间从1秒到60秒变化时，对游戏和随机位置的反冲，并将该模型与人类数据进行比较。在这两种情况下，强势选手都比弱势选手表现得更好，特别是在长时间的演讲中，但即使是在简短的演讲之后。CHREST预测的日期，定性和定量。强势玩家在随机位置上的优势可以通过他们在LTM中持有的大量组块来解释。他们出色的回忆和短的呈现时间是由模板，一个特殊的组块类解释。CHREST与其他国际象棋技巧理论相比，既不能解释大师在随机位置上的优势，也不能预测大师在这些位置上的表现过于强劲。
For many years, the game of chess has provided an invaluable task environment for research on cognition, in particular on the differences between novices and experts and the learning that removes these differences, and upon the structure of human memory and its paramaters. The template theory presented by Gobet and Simon based on the EPAM theory offers precise predictions on cognitive processes during the presentation and recoil of chess positions. This article describes the behavior of CHREST, a computer implementation of the template theory, in a memory task when the presentation time is varied from one second to sixty, on the recoil of game and random positions, and compares the model to human data. Strong players ore better than weak players in both types of positions, especially with long presentation times, but even after brief presentations. CHREST predicts the date, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Strong players' superiority with random positions is explained by the large number of chunks they hold in LTM. Their excellent recall with short presentation times is explained by templates, a special class of chunks. CHREST is compared to other theories of chess skill, which either cannot account for the superiority of Masters in random positions or predict too strong a performance of Masters in such positions.