Phosphodiesters and NMR: a tale of rabbits and chickens
Phosphodiesters and NMR: a tale of rabbits and chickens
复制标题
磷酸二酯和核磁共振：兔子和鸡的故事
DOI：
10.1016/0968-0004(85)90070-2
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
C. Burt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Burt
比较生物化学通常可以通过展示不同的物种如何使用不同的生化物质（酶）解决类似的问题来鼓励对生物化学系统的更广泛的看法。此外，通过比较这两种解决方案的相似程度，可以看出其中涉及的普遍原则。一个很好的例子是高能磷酸盐缓冲液磷酸肌酸（PCr）。它是脊椎动物中唯一的高能缓冲剂：在肌肉中发现最高浓度，但在心脏和大脑中也存在大量。在这些组织中，基本上有一种酶，肌酸磷酸激酶（EC 2.7。3.2），允许ADP被磷酸化为ATP使用PCR作为磷酸供体。相比之下，几种类型的无脊椎动物拥有磷酸精氨酸（PArg）而不是PCr 2。在蚯蚓中，还有另一种化合物，磷脂，除了可转移的磷酸盐3外，还含有磷酸二酯键。PArg与PCr的大多数特征相匹配：在对组织进行高能量挑战期间，其浓度降低;其浓度大致相同;其在各种组织中显示出相似的分布;并且存在催化化合物的磷酸盐转移到ADP以产生ATP的酶。从这种比较中得出的概念，磷酸化胍基氮部分是一个适当的底物，用于能量储存在组织受到强烈的生理应变。即使是含有可磷酸化氮的合成类似物，例如高环肌酸，也可以以非磷酸化形式被吸收并像肌酸4一样磷酸化。
Comparative biochemistry can often encourage a wider view of a biochemical system by showing how different species have solved similar problems using different biochemicals (enzymes). Further, by comparing how similar the two solutions are, it can be seen to what extent universal principles are involved.A good example is the high-energy phosphate buffer phosphocreatine (PCr). It is the only high-energy buffer in vertebrates l: the highest concentrations are found in muscle but significant amounts are also present in heart and brain. In these tissues essentially one enzyme, creatinephosphokinase (EC 2.7. 3.2), allows ADP to be phosphorylated to ATP using PCr as the phosphate donor. By contrast, several types of invertebrate possess phosphoarginine (PArg) instead of PCr 2. In earthworms yet another compound, phospholumbricine, contains a phosphodiester bond besides a transferable phosphate 3. PArg matches most of the characteristics of PCr: it decreases in concentration during high-energy challenge to a tissue; it occurs in approximately the same concentration; it shows a similar distribution among various tissue; and there is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of the compounds' phosphate to ADP to make ATP. From this comparison comes the concept of the phosphorylated guanido nitrogen moiety being an appropriate substrate for energy storage in tissues subject to intense physiological strain. Even synthetic analogs containing phosphorylatable nitrogens such as homocyclocreatine can be taken up in the unphosphorylated form and phosphorylated like creatine 4.