Intermediate and long-term memory are different at the neuronal level in Lymnaea stagnalis (L.)
Intermediate and long-term memory are different at the neuronal level in Lymnaea stagnalis (L.)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.016
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Lukowiak, Ken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braun, Marvin H.;Lukowiak, Ken
中期记忆（ITM）和长期记忆（LTM）都需要新的蛋白质合成；然而，LTM 也需要基因转录。这表明这两个过程的行为输出可能在神经元水平上产生不同的结果。淡水蜗牛，Lymnaea stagnalis，可以通过操作调节来降低其空中呼吸速率，并且根据训练程序，记忆可以持续 3 小时 (ITM) 或 > 24 小时 (LTM)。 RPeD1 是形成驱动空中呼吸的呼吸中枢模式发生器 (CPG) 的 3 个中间神经元之一，对于记忆形成是必需的。通过比较 RPeD1 在幼稚蜗牛、“ITM 训练”、“LTM 训练”和带轭对照蜗牛中的电生理特性，我们发现，虽然 3 小时和 24 小时的记忆行为表型相同，但神经元水平的情况不同。在“ITM”或“LTM”训练程序 3 小时后进行检查时，RPeD1 活性显着降低。即，放电率、输入电阻、兴奋性和动作电位爆发次数均显着降低。在接受 ITM 训练的蜗牛中，这些变化在训练后 24 小时恢复正常。然而，在接受“LTM 训练”的蜗牛中，24 小时时测量的 RPeD1 特性（放电率、兴奋性、膜电阻和动作电位爆发次数）与 3 小时时显着不同。此外，LTM 训练后 24 小时，RPeD1 似乎在功能上与其对气孔的控制“脱钩”，因为 RPeD1 激发和气孔打开之间的联系减弱。这些数据表明，LTM 期间发生的行为变化是由于比 ITM 期间发生的类似行为变化更广泛的神经元重组所致。因此，ITM 和 LTM 不仅在时间顺序和转录方式上不同，而且在神经元特性水平上也不同。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Both intermediate-term memory (ITM) and long-term memory (LTM) require novel protein synthesis; however, LTM also requires gene transcription. This suggests that the behavioural output of the two processes may be produced differently at the neuronal level. The fresh-water snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, can be operantly conditioned to decrease its rate of aerial respiration and, depending on the training procedure, the memory can last 3 h (ITM) or >24 h (LTM). RPeD1, one of the 3 interneurons that form the respiratory central pattern generator (CPG) that drives aerial respiration, is necessary for memory formation. By comparing RPeD1's electrophysiological properties in naive, 'ITM-trained', 'LTM-trained' and yoked control snails we discovered that while the behavioural phenotype of memory at 3 and 24 h is identical, the situation at the neuronal level is different. When examined 3 h after either the 'ITM' or 'LTM' training procedure RPeD1 activity is significantly depressed. That is, the firing rate, input resistance, excitability and the number of action potential bursts are all significantly decreased. In snails receiving the ITM-training, these changes return to normal 24 h post-training. However, in snails receiving the 'LTM-training', measured RPeD1 properties (firing rate, excitability, membrane resistance, and the number of action potential bursts fired) are significantly different at 24 h than they were at 3 h. Additionally, 24 h following LTM training RPeD1 appears to be functionally "uncoupled" from its control of the pneumostome as the link between RPeD1 excitation and pneumostome opening is weakened. These data suggest that the behavioural changes occurring during LTM are due to more widespread neuronal reorganization than similar behavioural changes occurring during ITM. Thus ITM and LTM are not just distinct in a chronological and transcriptional manner but are also distinct at the level of neuronal properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.