Biogeographic structure of the northeastern Pacific rocky intertidal: the role of upwelling and dispersal to drive patterns
Biogeographic structure of the northeastern Pacific rocky intertidal: the role of upwelling and dispersal to drive patterns
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DOI：
10.1111/ecog.00880
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Rivadeneira, Marcelo M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fenberg, Phillip B.;Menge, Bruce A.;Rivadeneira, Marcelo M.
确定驱动生物地理结构的环境条件仍然是生物地理学、进化生态学以及越来越多的保护生物学的主要挑战。在这里，我们使用多元分类树来评估来自102个野外站点的东北太平洋(大约在北纬26-58度)岩石潮间带物种(406种藻类和无脊椎动物)的生物地理结构。随机森林分析被用来评估29个环境变量的重要性，包括广泛的潜在驱动因素，以预测生物地理结构。重复分析具有不同幼虫传播能力的物种，并按广泛的分类类别(无脊椎动物和藻类)进行分析。结果表明，总体生物地理结构与经典分类模式基本一致，但在幼虫扩散能力不同的物种间格局有所不同。随机森林模型显示了非常高的拟合度(伪r(2)和0.94)，并表明生物地理结构可以通过相对适度的变量子集来预测。上升流相关变量是生物地理结构(营养物质浓度、海面温度、上升流/下降流季节转换指数)的最佳总体预测因子，但预测因子的相对重要性因地理而异，顶级预测因子取决于幼虫扩散的类型。上升流相关变量对预测中、低扩散能力的无脊椎动物和藻类的生物地理结构更重要，而幼虫扩散(浮游生物营养)较高的物种更好地预测变量的不同子集(即盐度、降水季节性)。我们的结果支持了沿海上升流在构建生物地理格局中的影响，并突出了气候变化引起的上升流制度改变在生物地理尺度上深刻影响生物多样性的可能性。
Identifying the environmental conditions that drive biogeographic structure remains a major challenge of biogeography, evolutionary ecology and increasingly, conservation biology. Here, we use multivariate classification trees to assess the biogeographic structure of northeast Pacific (approximate to 26-58 degrees N) rocky intertidal species (406 species of algae and invertebrates) from 102 field sites. Random forest analyses are used to assess the importance of 29 environmental variables, encompassing a broad range of potential drivers, to predict biogeographic structure. Analyses are repeated for species with different larval dispersal capabilities and by broad taxonomic categories (invertebrates and algae). Results show that overall biogeographic structure is in general agreement with classic classification schemes, but patterns are variable among species with different larval dispersal capabilities. Random forest models show a very high fit (pseudo r(2) > 0.94) and indicate that biogeographic structure can be predicted by a relatively modest subset of variables. Upwelling related variables are the best overall predictors of biogeographic structure (nutrient concentrations, sea-surface temperature, upwelling/downwelling seasonal switch index), but the relative importance of predictors is geographically variable and top predictors are dependent on the type of larval dispersal. Upwelling related variables are more important to predict biogeographic structure for invertebrates with lower-medium dispersal capabilities and algae, whereas species with high larval dispersal (planktotrophic) are better predicted by a different subset of variables (i.e. salinity, precipitation seasonality). Our results lend support to the influence of coastal upwelling in structuring biogeographic patterns and highlight the potential for climate change-induced alterations of upwelling regimes to profoundly affect biodiversity at biogeographic scales.