Orientation-selective adaptation and tilt after-effect from invisible patterns
Orientation-selective adaptation and tilt after-effect from invisible patterns
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DOI：
10.1038/35078072
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发表时间：
2001-05-24
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
MacLeod, DIA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
He, S;MacLeod, DIA
暴露于高对比度的视觉模式（例如，由黑白条纹交替形成的光栅）会在感知中产生后效。我们暂时对类似于预曝光模式的微弱测试模式不敏感（例如相同方向的光栅），并且我们需要更多的对比度来检测它们(1)。此外，如果测试图案相对于预曝光的稍微倾斜，这种倾斜可能会在感知上被夸大：我们体验到倾斜的后效（2,3）。在这里，我们表明，即使预曝光光栅太细而无法感知解决，这些视觉后遗症也会发生。在观察了一个非常精细的光栅之后，空间频率如此之高，以至于在感知上无法与均匀场区分，观察者需要更多的对比度来检测以相同方向呈现的测试光栅，而不是以正交方向呈现的测试光栅。他们还经历了倾斜的后效，这取决于测试图案的倾斜与预暴露图案的未见方向的关系。由于这些后效应是由于视觉皮层中定向敏感机制的变化（4-6），我们的观察表明，极其细微的细节，即使是那些太细微而无法看到的细节，也可以穿透视觉系统直到皮层，在那里它们被神经表现出来而没有意识到。
Exposure to visual patterns of high contrast (for example, gratings formed by alternating white and black bars) creates after-effects in perception. We become temporarily insensitive to faint test patterns that resemble the pre-exposed pattern (such as gratings of the same orientation), and we require more contrast to detect them(1). Moreover, if the test pattern is slightly tilted relative to the pre-exposed one, this tilt may be perceptually exaggerated: we experience a tilt after-effect(2,3). Here we show that these visual after-effects occur even if the pre-exposed grating is too fine to be perceptually resolved. After looking at a very fine grating, so high in spatial frequency that it was perceptually indistinguishable from a uniform field, observers required more contrast to detect a test grating presented at the same orientation than one presented at the orthogonal orientation. They also experienced a tilt aftereffect that depended on the relation of the test pattern's tilt to the unseen orientation of the pre-exposed pattern. Because these after-effects are due to changes in orientation-sensitive mechanisms in visual cortex(4-6), our observations imply that extremely fine details, even those too fine to be seen, can penetrate the visual system as far as the cortex, where they are represented neurally without conscious awareness.