Incubation behaviour and egg physiology of kiwi (Apteryx spp.) in natural habitats
Incubation behaviour and egg physiology of kiwi (Apteryx spp.) in natural habitats
复制标题
自然栖息地中猕猴桃（Apteryx spp.）的孵化行为和卵生理学
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Colbourne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Colbourne
猕猴桃不同分类群的孵化行为各不相同。北岛褐猕猴桃（Apteryx mantelli）和小斑点猕猴桃（A. owenii）除了第一周外，只有雄性会孵蛋。与此同时，对于Okarito棕色几维（A. mantelli）和tokoeka （A. australis）来说，孵化是由两性共同完成的。此外，在南部的tokoeka，家族成员可以协助孵化，以至于繁殖的雄性可能根本不参与孵化。这项研究表明，猕猴桃会定期翻转它们的蛋，这一观察结果与早期的发现相矛盾。鸡蛋顶部的平均孵化温度为36.5°C，但北岛褐猕猴桃的底部可能低10°C，奥卡里托褐猕猴桃的底部可能低5-8°C。从可育卵和不育卵诱导失水的实验表明，胚胎的存在不影响失水率。北岛褐猕猴桃、奥卡里托褐猕猴桃和托卡褐猕猴桃通常在一个季节里产下不止一窝蛋，一些北岛褐猕猴桃雌性每年产下多达七个蛋。
Incubation behaviour varies among the different taxa of kiwi. For North Island brown kiwi (Apteryx mantelli) and little spotted kiwi (A. owenii), only the male incubates the eggs, except for in the first week. Meanwhile, for Okarito brown kiwi (A. mantelli) and the tokoeka (A. australis), incubation is shared by both sexes. In addition, amongst southern tokoeka, family group members can assist with incubation to the extent that breeding males may take no part in incubation at all. This study shows that kiwi turn their eggs regularly, an observation that contradicts earlier findings. There is a mean incubation temperature of 36.5°C at the top of the egg but the bottom may be 10°C lower in North Island brown kiwi and 5-8°C lower in Okarito brown kiwi eggs. Experiments inducing water loss from fertile and infertile eggs show that the presence of an embryo does not influence rate of water loss. North Island brown kiwi, Okarito brown kiwi and tokoeka regularly have more than one clutch in a season, and some North Island brown kiwi females lay up to seven eggs each year.
禽蛋：热和质量交换的障碍。
DOI：
--
发表时间：
1987
期刊：
The Journal of experimental zoology. Supplement : published under auspices of the American Society of Zoologists and the Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sotherland,PR;Spotila,JR;Paganelli,CV
通讯作者：
Paganelli,CV