Environmental exposures to lead and urban children's blood lead levels
Environmental exposures to lead and urban children's blood lead levels
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DOI：
10.1006/enrs.1997.3801
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发表时间：
1998-02-01
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Galke, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lanphear, BP;Burgoon, DA;Galke, W
几十年来，铅污染的水、土壤和油漆一直被认为是儿童铅暴露的潜在来源，但它们对城市儿童铅摄入量的贡献仍然很难确定。进行这项分析，以估计环境中的铅暴露的关系，铅摄入量之间的随机抽样的城市儿童，调整暴露于铅污染的房屋灰尘。采用随机抽样的方法，对183名城市儿童进行了横断面调查。儿童的血液和家庭灰尘，水，土壤和油漆的多种措施进行了分析，铅，并进行了访谈，以确定儿童铅暴露的危险因素。铅的环境来源，包括室内灰尘、土壤铅和水铅，与儿童的血铅水平独立相关。相比之下，油漆铅含量在调整其他环境暴露后对血铅水平没有显着影响。水铅浓度从背景水平增加到0.015 mg/L（现行EPA水铅标准），与估计血铅浓度超过10 μ g/dL的儿童百分比增加13.7%有关;土壤铅含量从背景值增加到400 μ g/g时，土壤铅含量增加了11.6%在估计血铅水平超过10微克/分升的儿童中，据估计，将灰尘中的铅含量从本底增加到200微克/英尺（2），估计血铅水平超过10微克/英尺的儿童的百分比将增加23.3%。DL.这些数据支持颁布基于健康的铅污染灰尘和土壤标准，并逐步降低铅污染水的标准，因为不适当的铅接触的定义已经修改。(C)北京：科学出版社.
Lead-contaminated water, soil, and paint have been recognized as potential sources of children's lead exposure for decades, but their contributions to lead intake among urban children remain poorly defined. This analysis was undertaken to estimate the relationship of environmental lead exposures to lead intake among a random sample of urban children, adjusted for exposure to lead-contaminated house dust. Analyses of 183 urban children enrolled in a random sample, cross sectional study were conducted. Children's blood and multiple measures of household dust, water, soil, and paint were analyzed for lead, and interviews were conducted to ascertain risk factors for childhood lead exposure. Environmental sources of lead, including house-dust, soil lead, and water lead, were independently associated with children's blood lead levels. In contrast, paint lead levels did not have a significant effect on blood lead levels after adjusting for other environmental exposures. An increase in water lead concentration from background levels to 0.015 mg/L, the current EPA water lead standard, was associated with an increase of 13.7% in the percentage of children estimated to have a blood lead concentration exceeding 10 mu g/dL; increasing soil lead concentration from background to 400 mu g/g was estimated to produce an increase of 11.6% in the percentage of children estimated to have a blood lead level exceeding 10 mu g/dL, and increasing dust lead loading from background to 200 mu g/ft(2) is estimated to produce an increase of 23.3% in the percentage of children estimated to have a blood lead level exceeding 10 mu g/dL. These data support the promulgation of health-based standards for lead-contaminated dust and soil and the progressive lowering of standards for lead-contaminated water as the definition of undue lead exposure has been modified. (C) 1998 Academic Press.