XXXVIII. On the electrification at the boundary between a liquid and a gas
XXXVIII. On the electrification at the boundary between a liquid and a gas
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三十八。
DOI：
10.1080/14786440808634012
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发表时间：
1922
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. McTaggart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. McTaggart
几年前，在一些实验的过程中奥拉电流对液体中小粒子运动的影响，昆克（Ann.d. cxiii，第513页，1861）观察到水中的小气泡好像带负电一样移动。虽然在这种情况下，人们对固体和液体粒子的运动给予了很大的注意，但对悬浮在液体中的小气体球的研究却很少--一个明显的原因是在观察时很难控制它们。然而，对它们的电特性进行系统的研究，应该能得到关于表面层的物理和化学的进一步信息。战前，作者在JJ·汤姆森爵士领导下的卡文迪什实验室开始了这一领域的实验，并取得了一些结果。进行了测量（菲尔。1914年2月，第297页）的速度，在下降的潜力，在蒸馏水中的空气小球和他们的电荷进行了估计。研究了添加微量各种无机电解质对电荷的影响。已获得解决方案（菲尔。Mag. Sept. 1914，第367页），显示了电荷如何随着水中某些醇和有机酸的存在而变化，并且电荷的变化和表面张力之间存在平行关系。
M ANY years ago, in the course of some experiments ola the effect of an electric current on the motion of small particles in a liquid, Quincke (Ann. d. _Phys. cxiii, p. 513, 1861) observed that small gas-bubbles in water moved as though negatively charged. Although a good deal of attention has been paid to the movement of solid and oE liquid particles in such cases, very little effort has been devoted to the study of small spheres of gas suspended ill a liquid--one obvious reason being the difficulty of controlling them while under observation. _A systematic examination of their electrical properties ought, however, to yield further information as to the physics--and chemistry too--of surface layers. Before the war experiments in this field were begun by the author in the Cavendish Laboratory under Sir JJ Thomson, and some results were obtained. Measurements were made (Phil. Mag. Feb. 1914, p. 297) of the velocity, uuder a fall of potential, of small spheres of air in distilled water and their electrical charges were estimated. The effects on the charge of the addition of minute amounts of various inorganic electrolytes were studied. Resolts were obtained (Phil. Mag. Sept. 1914, p. 367) showing how the charge varies with the presence in the water of certain alcohols and organic acids, and a parallel was shown to exist between the variation of the electric charge and the surface tension.