Animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.
Animal models to study host-bacteria interactions involved in periodontitis.
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DOI：
10.1159/000329675
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rossa C Jr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Graves DT;Kang J;Andriankaja O;Wada K;Rossa C Jr
动物模型具有明显的优势，因为它们可以模拟人体内发生的细胞复杂性，并且通常比在塑料表面上进行的体外研究更准确，其中存在有限数量的细胞类型。此外，因果关系可以通过应用抑制剂或激活剂或通过使用转基因动物来建立。由于重要的伦理考虑，这种功能获得或丧失研究通常难以在人类临床研究中实现，特别是在获得靶组织时。牙周病的动物模型是特别重要的，在这一点上的科学基础的发展，了解主要的病理过程。牙周病可以分解成离散的步骤，每个步骤可以根据动物模型单独研究。这些步骤涉及致病性生物膜的形成、细菌或其产物对结缔组织的侵入、在结缔组织中诱导破坏性宿主反应以及组织分解后的修复过程的限制。动物研究可以测试与这些步骤中的每一个相关的假设，并且应该根据其测试特定假设的能力进行评估，而不是概括牙周病的所有方面。因此，下面描述的每个模型都可以适用于测试牙周病病理过程的离散成分，但不一定是所有成分。
Animal models have distinct advantages because they can mimic cellular complexities that occur in humans in vivo and are often more accurate than in vitro studies that take place on plastic surfaces with limited numbers of cell types present. Furthermore, cause and effect relationships can be established by applying inhibitors or activators or through the use of genetically modified animals. Such gain or loss of function studies are often difficult to achieve in human clinical studies, particularly in obtaining target tissue due to important ethical considerations. Animal models in periodontal disease are particularly important at this point in the development of the scientific basis for understanding the predominant pathological processes. Periodontal disease can be broken down into discrete steps, each of which may be studied separately depending upon the animal model. These steps involve the development of a pathogenic biofilm, invasion of connective tissue by bacteria or their products, induction of a destructive host response in connective tissue and limitation of a repair process that follows tissue breakdown. Animal studies can test hypotheses related to each of these steps, and should be evaluated by their capacity to test a specific hypothesis rather than recapitulating all aspects of periodontal disease. Thus, each of the models described below can be adapted to test discrete components of the pathological process of periodontal disease, but not necessarily all of them.