A novel inhibitory nucleo-cortical circuit controls cerebellar Golgi cell activity.
A novel inhibitory nucleo-cortical circuit controls cerebellar Golgi cell activity.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.06262
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发表时间：
2015-05-12
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Uusisaari MY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ankri L;Husson Z;Pietrajtis K;Proville R;Léna C;Yarom Y;Dieudonné S;Uusisaari MY
小脑是运动协调的关键中心，由皮质和几个核团组成。这两个部分之间的相互作用的主要模式被认为是由皮层浦肯野神经元对核的抑制性控制形成的。我们现在修正这一观点，显示抑制GABA-甘氨酸能神经元的小脑核（CN）项目大量进入小脑皮质，在那里他们的GABA能小脑高尔基体细胞亚群的突触接触。这些自发放电的高尔基体细胞在体外和体内都受到抑制性核皮质纤维的光遗传学激活的抑制。我们的数据表明，CN可能有助于小脑皮质的功能招聘减少高尔基细胞抑制颗粒细胞。http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06262.001小脑是大脑中的一个区域，在控制姿势和运动方面起着核心作用。小脑由皮质和几个核团组成。这些核团被认为是“计算”从小脑发送到大脑其他部分的信号，以控制姿势和运动。它们在大脑皮层的监督下完成这些工作。皮质和核之间的主要相互作用涉及称为浦肯野细胞的皮质神经元抑制核的活动。Ankri，Husson等人现在已经使用各种遗传技术和突变小鼠来鉴定小脑核中的新神经元群体，并将荧光标记物表达到这些细胞中。这种方法揭示了这些神经元的轴突从细胞核“爬”到皮层，形成一个新的回路，称为抑制性核-皮层（iNC）通路。此外，用光激活iNC轴突表明，它们选择性地靶向并沉默一群称为高尔基细胞的神经元，这些细胞控制小脑皮层中的信息传输。Ankri，Husson等人继续表明，被iNC通路沉默的高尔基体细胞在许多方面与其他高尔基体细胞不同：特别是，这些高尔基体细胞使用一种称为GABA的化学物质与神经元进行交流。下一个挑战是探索iNC通路如何微调感觉输入在小脑中的处理方式，并更好地了解其在执行复杂运动中的作用，包括患有影响运动功能的疾病的人，如共济失调。DOI：http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06262.002网站
The cerebellum, a crucial center for motor coordination, is composed of a cortex and several nuclei. The main mode of interaction between these two parts is considered to be formed by the inhibitory control of the nuclei by cortical Purkinje neurons. We now amend this view by showing that inhibitory GABA-glycinergic neurons of the cerebellar nuclei (CN) project profusely into the cerebellar cortex, where they make synaptic contacts on a GABAergic subpopulation of cerebellar Golgi cells. These spontaneously firing Golgi cells are inhibited by optogenetic activation of the inhibitory nucleo-cortical fibers both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that the CN may contribute to the functional recruitment of the cerebellar cortex by decreasing Golgi cell inhibition onto granule cells. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06262.001 The cerebellum is a region in the brain that plays a central role in controlling posture and movement. The cerebellum is composed of a cortex and several nuclei. The nuclei are thought to ‘compute’ the signals that are sent from the cerebellum to other parts of the brain to control posture and movement. They do this under the supervision of the cortex. The main interaction between the cortex and the nuclei involves cortical neurons called Purkinje cells inhibiting the activity of the nuclei. Ankri, Husson et al. have now used various genetic techniques and mutant mice to identify a new population of neurons in the nuclei of the cerebellum and to express fluorescent markers into these cells. This approach reveals that the axons of these neurons ‘climb’ from the nuclei to the cortex to form a new circuit called the inhibitory nucleo-cortical (iNC) pathway. Moreover, activating the iNC axons with light reveals that they selectively target and silence a population of neurons called the Golgi cells, which control the transmission of information in the cerebellar cortex. Ankri, Husson et al. go on to show that the Golgi cells silenced by the iNC pathway differ from other Golgi cells in a number of ways: in particular, these Golgi cells use a chemical called GABA to communicate with neurons. The next challenge is to explore how the iNC pathway fine-tunes how sensory inputs are processed in the cerebellum, and to better understand its role in the execution of complex movements, including in people with conditions that affect motor function, such as ataxias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06262.002