Effect of lactic acid bacteria on diarrheal diseases
Effect of lactic acid bacteria on diarrheal diseases
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2000.10718084
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发表时间：
2000-04-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Heyman, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heyman, M
微生物平衡是维持肠道内环境稳定的重要因素，酸奶或发酵乳补充剂已被提议用于控制肠道疾病。许多使用动物模型的研究和人类临床研究已经证实了这种发酵产品在乳糖不耐症、病毒性腹泻或腹泻相关腹泻的情况下的有益效果。乳酸菌发挥其作用的机制是多种多样的。细菌乳糖酶促进乳糖的吸收，但发酵产品减慢肠道运输，促进残留的肠道乳糖酶的作用。乳酸菌在消化道中的短暂通过可能代表了针对致病菌发展的微生物屏障，这可能是由于化合物的释放有助于维持对病原体的定殖抗性。有益的效果主要是在活细菌的存在下描述的，但灭活的细菌也可能在牙周病中具有预防或治疗能力。此外，乳酸菌已被描述为增强非特异性免疫防御，但也增强特异性免疫，特别是由分泌型伊加或IgM介导的分泌型免疫系统，以响应颗粒感染性抗原和可能的可溶性食物抗原。其他可能的机制包括对肠层的营养作用，以及对牛奶过敏的下调活性以及抗炎作用。
Microbial balance is an important factor in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and yogurt or fermented milk supplementation has been proposed to control diarrheal diseases. A number of studies using animal models and clinical studies in humans have confirmed the beneficial effect of such fermented products in case of lactose intolerance, viral diarrhea or antibiotics-associated diarrhea. The mechanisms by which lactic acid bacteria exert their effects are multiple. Bacterial lactase improves the absorption of lactose, but fermented products slow down the intestinal transit facilitating the action of residual intestinal lactase. The transient passage of lactic acid bacteria in the digestive tract may represent a microbial barrier against the development of pathogenic bacteria, probably due to the release of compounds contributing to the maintenance of colonization resistance to pathogens. The beneficial effects are mainly described in the presence of Live bacteria, but inactivated bacteria may also present preventive or curative capacities in diarrheal diseases. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria has been described as reinforcing the non-specific immune defence but also specific immunity, particularly the secretory immune system mediated by secretory IgA or IgM in response to particulate infectious antigens and perhaps to soluble food antigens. Other possible mechanisms include the trophic effect on the intestinal layer, and a down-regulatory activity in cow's milk allergy as well as anti-inflammatory effects have also been suggested.