Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is essential for development of zebrafish, Danio rerio
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is essential for development of zebrafish, Danio rerio
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dci.2007.10.007
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Nakanishi, Teruyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, Kanako;Yoshiura, Yasutoshl;Nakanishi, Teruyuki
巨噬细胞移动抑制因子（Macrophage migration inhibitor factor，MIF）是发现的第一个抑制巨噬细胞随机移动的细胞因子。近年来，有报道称MIF参与了高等脊椎动物的胚胎发育。然而，在鱼类中，对MIF在生命早期阶段的功能一无所知，尽管已经报道了MIF在成鱼中的免疫功能。为了阐明MIF在鱼类胚胎发育过程中的功能，我们研究了斑马鱼MIF基因的表达模式和功能，使用反义吗啉代介导的敲除（吗啉代谷胱甘肽-MO）。原位杂交结果显示，在斑马鱼发育过程中，在眼睛、顶盖、鳃弓、胸鳍芽、肝脏和肠道中均检测到MIF mRNA的表达。MIF mRNA表达的发病与胚胎发生过程中组织分化的开始相吻合。注射MIF-MO的胚胎（morphants）表现出畸形的眼睛，tecturn和第四脑室区域的异常肿胀，以及未发育的下颌软骨和胸鳍。通过组织学分析和吖啶橙子染色，观察到在MIF吗啡变体中眼和神经组织中凋亡细胞数量增加。此外，增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）阳性细胞减少，在变形眼。这些结果表明，MIF是必要的正常胚胎发育，甚至在硬骨鱼的水平，它的功能作为一个生长因子的增殖和分化的胚胎组织。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was discovered as the first cytokine that inhibited the random migration of macrophages. Recently, MIF has been reported to be involved in embryonic development in higher vertebrates. In fish, however, nothing is known about the function of MIF at early life stages, although immunological functions of MIF have been reported in adult fish. To elucidate the function of MIF during embryonic development in fish, we examined expression patterns and function of the zebrafish MIF gene using antisense morpholino-mediated knockdown (morpholino oligonucleotide-MO). In whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis, zebrafish MIF mRNA was detected in developing eyes, tectum, branchial arches, pectoral fin buds, liver and gut. The onset of MIF mRNA expression coincided with the beginning of tissue differentiation during embryogenesis. MIF-MO-injected embryos (morphants) displayed malformed eyes, abnormal swelling in the tecturn and fourth ventricle region, and undeveloped jaw cartilage and pectoral fins. An increased number of apoptotic cells in the eye and neural tissues were observed in MIF morphants by histological analysis and acridine orange staining. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells were reduced in morphant eyes. These results suggest that MIF is essential for normal embryonic development even at the level of teleosts and that it functions as a growth factor for the proliferation and differentiation of embryonic tissues. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.