A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health
A mutualistic symbiosis between a parasitic mite and a pathogenic virus undermines honey bee immunity and health
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1523515113
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发表时间：
2016-03-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pennacchio, Francesco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Prisco, Gennaro;Annoscia, Desiderato;Pennacchio, Francesco
蜜蜂蜂群损失是由与高寄生虫和/或病原体负载持续相关的相互作用的压力因素引发的。许多生物和非生物应激源参与了这一复杂的多因素综合征的诱导，其中寄生粉尘螨破坏因子和与之相关的变形翅病毒(DWV)显然起着关键作用。支撑这种联系的机制基础和进化含义在很大程度上仍然模糊不清。在这里，我们缩小了这一研究差距，证明了由Varroa螨虫携带的DWV通过干扰NF-kappa B信号对体液和细胞免疫反应产生不利影响。这种病毒病原体的免疫抑制作用增强了寄生蠕虫的繁殖。我们的实验数据揭示了Varroa和DWV之间一种未被认识到的互惠共生关系，这使相互刺激的循环永久化，对蜜蜂免疫和健康的负面影响不断升级。这些结果在很大程度上解释了这种螨类与病毒的相互作用在诱导蜜蜂群体损失方面的显着重要性。这种互惠关系的发现和潜在调控机制的阐明，为更有洞察力地分析协同应激因素如何导致群体崩溃以及开发新的缓解这一问题的策略奠定了基础。
Honey bee colony losses are triggered by interacting stress factors consistently associated with high loads of parasites and/or pathogens. A wealth of biotic and abiotic stressors are involved in the induction of this complex multifactorial syndrome, with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor and the associated deformed wing virus (DWV) apparently playing key roles. The mechanistic basis underpinning this association and the evolutionary implications remain largely obscure. Here we narrow this research gap by demonstrating that DWV, vectored by the Varroa mite, adversely affects humoral and cellular immune responses by interfering with NF-kappa B signaling. This immunosuppressive effect of the viral pathogen enhances reproduction of the parasitic mite. Our experimental data uncover an unrecognized mutualistic symbiosis between Varroa and DWV, which perpetuates a loop of reciprocal stimulation with escalating negative effects on honey bee immunity and health. These results largely account for the remarkable importance of this mite-virus interaction in the induction of honey bee colony losses. The discovery of this mutualistic association and the elucidation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms sets the stage for a more insightful analysis of how synergistic stress factors contribute to colony collapse, and for the development of new strategies to alleviate this problem.